Orthodontics
Maryam Omidkhoda; Farid Shiezadeh; Seyedeh zahra Siadatifar; Erfan Bardideh; Milad Zarei
Abstract
Aim: Orthodontic treatment often leads to gingival hyperplasia, which may complicate oral hygiene and necessitate surgical interventions such as gingivectomy. This study compared the efficacy of ceramic burs versus scalpels in gingivectomy procedures for orthodontic patients, focusing on periodontal ...
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Aim: Orthodontic treatment often leads to gingival hyperplasia, which may complicate oral hygiene and necessitate surgical interventions such as gingivectomy. This study compared the efficacy of ceramic burs versus scalpels in gingivectomy procedures for orthodontic patients, focusing on periodontal outcomes and pain.
Methods: This case series describes six orthodontic patients with gingival hyperplasia. The patients were between 15-25 years and were non-smokers. They underwent gingivectomy using two methods: ceramic burs (NTI® Soft Tissue Trimmers) and traditional scalpels. Preoperative oral hygiene instructions were given, and intraoral photographs were obtained. Clinical measurements included the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and bleeding index (BI). Bleeding, pain (using a visual analog scale), and periodontal indices were assessed at several time points postoperatively.
Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in gingival hyperplasia, PI, and mean GI. However, the ceramic bur group experienced lower postoperative pain compared to the scalpel group. One patient in the scalpel group required analgesics for pain management. The results highlighted the effective management of gingival hyperplasia with both methods but with a potential advantage in pain management for the ceramic bur group.
Conclusion: This study indicated that both ceramic burs and scalpels are effective for gingivectomy in orthodontic patients. Ceramic burs might offer a less painful alternative, although both methods effectively manage gingival hyperplasia. Further studies with a larger sample size and longer follow-ups are required to confirm the present findings and potentially recommend ceramic burs as a preferred method for gingivectomy.
Dental Materials
Sherin Johnson; Sameena Begum; SM Laxmikanth; Raghunandan Chunduri; Khadeer Riyaz; Anju Varughese
Abstract
Aim: This study evaluated the effect of physical and chemical sterilization techniques on the fracture resistance of mini-implants.Methods: Thirty-two titanium mini-implants of 1.5 x 8 mm were randomly divided into four groups: control, steam sterilized, dry heat sterilized, and chemically sterilized. ...
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Aim: This study evaluated the effect of physical and chemical sterilization techniques on the fracture resistance of mini-implants.Methods: Thirty-two titanium mini-implants of 1.5 x 8 mm were randomly divided into four groups: control, steam sterilized, dry heat sterilized, and chemically sterilized. The samples were then tested in the air for fracture resistance using a universal testing machine. A tangential load was applied to the head of the mini-implant with a 1 mm/min crosshead speed after blocking each of them in the machine. Also, the maximum load was recorded previous to screw fracture. he Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney post hoc test were used for data analysis.Results: The results of this study demonstrated the mean fracture resistance difference between the four groups was statistically significant at p<0.001. Moreover it was showed the control group had significantly higher mean fracture resistance compared to dry heat and chemically sterilized groups at p=0.001 and p=0.009 respectively. This was followed by the stem sterilized group demonstrating significantly higher mean fracture resistance as compared to dry heat and chemically sterilized groups at p=0.001 and p=0.01 respectively. Later, the chemically sterilized group also showed significantly higher mean fracture resistance as compared to the dry heat group at p=0.002. However, no significant difference was observed between the control and stem sterilized groups (p=0.29).Conclusion: The steam sterilized group demonstrated the highest fracture resistance that was followed by the chemically sterilized group, and the least with the dry heat sterilized group.
Cephalometry
Diptesh Guha; Dolly Patel; Surina Sinha
Abstract
Aim: To validate Pi angle with other sagittal discrepancy indicators like Beta angle, Yen angle and W angle in skeletal Class I, II and III patients, to correlate the Pi angle with the size and position of the mandible, and to evaluate the reliability of Dolphin imaging software.
Methods: One hundred ...
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Aim: To validate Pi angle with other sagittal discrepancy indicators like Beta angle, Yen angle and W angle in skeletal Class I, II and III patients, to correlate the Pi angle with the size and position of the mandible, and to evaluate the reliability of Dolphin imaging software.
Methods: One hundred fifty subjects were nominated based on the inclusion criteria and their lateral cephalograms were traced based on their ANB angle, they were placed into skeletal Class I, II and III groups. A-P discrepancy indicators and parameters of the size and position of the mandible were traced manually and digitally.
Results: Pi angle had 85% and 100% accuracy in identifying skeletal Class II and III groups, respectively. Parameters of the morphology of the mandible were found to have statistically significant correlation with Pi angle e.g., mandibular base length (-0.265), SNB (-0.408), articular angle (0.277), facial angle (-0.800), and Y axis (0.728), etc. When data was compared between manual and digital tracing, there was no difference in the mean values of Pi angle (P=0.87), Beta angle (P=0.73), and Yen angle (P=0.64) between the two techniques, suggesting good accuracy of Dolphin imaging software.Conclusion: The Pi angle could accurately differentiate the sample into skeletal Class I, II and III groups. A statistically significant correlation was determined between Pi angle and most of the parameters of the size and position of the mandible. It was found that the imaging software Dolphin 3D is dependable to the analysis of cephalometric variables, which are not available in the software.
Orthodontics
Nausheen Eram; SM Laxmikanth; Raghunandan Chunduri; Sameena Begum; Khadeer Riyaz; Ashita Talwar
Abstract
Aim: Metallic corrosion of orthodontic appliances occurs due to potentially damaging physical and chemical agents. The major corrosion products of stainless steel are iron, chromium, and nickel. When tissues are exposed to certain concentrations of a primary irritant for certain periods, cytotoxic effects ...
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Aim: Metallic corrosion of orthodontic appliances occurs due to potentially damaging physical and chemical agents. The major corrosion products of stainless steel are iron, chromium, and nickel. When tissues are exposed to certain concentrations of a primary irritant for certain periods, cytotoxic effects may be observed. Hence, this study aimed to assess the cytotoxicity of nickel, iron, and chromium ions during fixed orthodontic treatment onto human keratinocytes (HaCaT).Methods: The metal ions nickel, chromium, and iron in concentrations of 75, 150, 300, 600, 1200, and 2400 μg/ml were prepared to assess the cytotoxicity on HaCaT cells. The control group included these metal ions at 0 μg/ml. Cytotoxicity was assessed by microculture tetrazolium (MTA) assay. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was measured and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to assess the morphological changes of the HaCaT cells. The Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Bonferroni’s post hoc test was carried out to determine the difference in percentage inhibition within and between the groups at various concentrations.Results: Nickel showed the highest cytotoxic effects in comparison with other metal ions. Iron hexahydrate, nickel hexahydrate, and chromium hexahydrate have shown an IC50 value of 552.4 μg/ml, 364.1 μg/ml, and 641.1 μg/ml inhibition in HaCaT cells respectively. Cytotoxic effects were dose dependent on the tested materials. Comparison of percentage inhibition between groups showed a p-value of 0.372.Conclusion: The present study showed that the nickel, chromium, and iron ions induced a wide range of toxicity to human keratinocytes. The IC50 values ranged between 364.1 and 641.1. Nickel was the most toxic metal tested between the concentrations of 75 to 2400 μg/ml for HaCaT cells compared to other metal ions used in the study.
Dentofacial Orthopedics
Parastoo Namdar; Hamed Karkhi; Nika Rezaeikalantari; Aboalfazl Hosseinnataj; Mojtaba Namdar; Shahin Arab; Maziar Khatami; Atena Shiva
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to compare the incidence of mucosal lesions and pain during orthodontic treatment with fixed versus removable orthodontic appliances.
Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 58 patients with fixed orthodontic appliances and 58 patients with removable orthodontic appliances, ...
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Aim: This study aimed to compare the incidence of mucosal lesions and pain during orthodontic treatment with fixed versus removable orthodontic appliances.
Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 58 patients with fixed orthodontic appliances and 58 patients with removable orthodontic appliances, all aged between 15 and 30 years. The presence and location of lesions were recorded at two time points: two weeks and four weeks after the start of the study. Additionally, the level of pain experienced by the patients was quantified at these same time points using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The Chi-square test was used to compare the frequency of oral lesions between the two groups at the onset of treatment. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the pain score at the onset of treatment between the two groups. The level of significance was set at 0.05.
Results: The frequency of traumatic lesions at two and four weeks was significantly higher in the fixed group (P<0.050). The frequency of traumatic and allergic lesions increased with time in both groups (P<0.050). Lichenoid reactions, candidiasis, and exophytic lesions were only detected in the removable treatment group. At two and four weeks, the frequency of lesions in the buccal mucosa was significantly higher than in other areas in the fixed group (P<0.050). At four weeks, the pain score of patients was higher in the fixed treatment group (P<0.050).
Conclusion: At four weeks, the frequency of lesions was higher in the fixed group. Buccal mucosa was the most common location of lesions in both groups. Pain in the fixed group was higher than the removable group at four weeks.
Orthodontics
S.Kutalmış Buyuk; Feridun Abay; Omer Ufkun Yıldırım; Ozgur Enginyurt
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the level of awareness and knowledge of family physicians regarding oral and maxillofacial evaluations and orthodontic treatment.Methods: The survey was designed as 21 questions and sent to family physicians in Turkiye. The participants were asked about their ...
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Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the level of awareness and knowledge of family physicians regarding oral and maxillofacial evaluations and orthodontic treatment.Methods: The survey was designed as 21 questions and sent to family physicians in Turkiye. The participants were asked about their age, gender, place of work, years of experience, regions evaluated during the routine examination, and level of orthodontic awareness and knowledge.Results: A total of 400 family physicians completed the survey. There was a significant difference in the referral rate of family physicians working in university hospitals (p<0.01), years of experience (p<0.001), whether evaluating the head and neck region (p<0.05), and the jaw positions during a routine examination (p<0.001) and for those who performed an intraoral examination and who checked dental crowding (p<0.001). When evaluating the head and neck region and dental crowding in routine examinations, a significant difference was found in the number of experienced family physicians (p<0.05).Conclusion: Awareness of the facial profile and having orthodontic knowledge was relatively high in the family physicians who participated in our study; however, their number of oral and maxillofacial evaluations were found to be low in routine examinations. It would be beneficial to organize seminars, conferences, and symposiums to increase the awareness and knowledge of family physicians on the oral and maxillofacial region and how to conduct efficient orthodontic evaluations.
Biomechanics
Gregorio Bonfim Dourado; Ester Andrade Souza Neta; Marcelo Castelucci Barbosa; Thais Maria Freire Fernandes; Ricardo Alves de Souza; Ana Claudia de Castro Ferreira Conti
Abstract
Aim: We have reported a case of a 17-year-old patient with impaction of element 2.1 and severe incisors crowding and the treatment plan involved traction of the impacted teeth.Methods: First, rapid maxillary expansion was performed. Then elements 1.4, 2.4, 3.4, and 4.4 were extracted to dissolve the ...
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Aim: We have reported a case of a 17-year-old patient with impaction of element 2.1 and severe incisors crowding and the treatment plan involved traction of the impacted teeth.Methods: First, rapid maxillary expansion was performed. Then elements 1.4, 2.4, 3.4, and 4.4 were extracted to dissolve the crowding, and the fixed appliances were bonded. A NiTi coil spring was used to open the needed space for traction, and surgical exposure of the tooth for bonding a traction device was done. After the tooth erupted in the oral cavity, overlay mechanics was used to align and level it.Results: Despite being challenging, the conservative treatment resulted in satisfactory outcomes, and the objectives were achieved, restoring the patient's aesthetics and function.Conclusion: After correct planning of the case, the impacted central incisor was pulled, restoring the patient's function and aesthetics, with good preservation of the supporting structures.
Orthodontics
Vahid Mollabashi; Maryam Heydarpour; Abbas Farmani; Kimia Saadat; Maryam Farhadian
Abstract
Aim: Formation of white spot lesions (WSL) subsequent to orthodontic treatment is a cosmetic concern. This research assessed the effects of bioactive-glass toothpaste on remineralization of orthodontic white spot lesions.Methods: Orthodontic brackets were boned to seventy extracted premolars. Then they ...
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Aim: Formation of white spot lesions (WSL) subsequent to orthodontic treatment is a cosmetic concern. This research assessed the effects of bioactive-glass toothpaste on remineralization of orthodontic white spot lesions.Methods: Orthodontic brackets were boned to seventy extracted premolars. Then they were submersed in a demineralization solution (pH=4.52) at 37°C for 96 hours, which led to the formation of artificial caries lesions on enamel. Occlusal brackets were assigned to the treatment group, whereas gingival brackets were assigned to the control group.Specimens were allocated to one of two groups: group 1) toothpaste containing sodium fluoride (1,450 ppm), group 2) toothpaste containing bioactive glass (5%). The samples underwent a 14-day remineralization/demineralzation cycle consisting of a twice-daily 30-minute submersion in a demineralizing solution (pH=4.52, 37°C) followed by a five-minute toothpaste treatment for the occlusal of the brackets. Each sample was analyzed using a polarized microscope, and AutoCAD 2007 was used to quantify the mineralization depth and area. Using SPSS version 23, the independent and paired t-tests were used to assess data statistically.Results: In terms of both remineralization area and depth, the study's findings revealed a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups (p < 0.001). Area and depth differences between the two remineralization methods in the treatment group were also statistically significant (p < 0.001).Conclusion: Both sodium fluoride and bioactive-glass toothpaste are useful for remineralizing the WSL, while bioactiveglass toothpaste seems to work more effectively than sodium fluoride toothpaste.
Arash Farzan; Niki Farrokhi; Kamyar Mansori
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to assess the feedback of patients regarding orthodontic treatment during the coronavirus pandemic of 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: In this observational study, keywords related to orthodontic treatment along with either “corona” or “COVID” were searched in Twitter ...
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Aim: This study aimed to assess the feedback of patients regarding orthodontic treatment during the coronavirus pandemic of 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: In this observational study, keywords related to orthodontic treatment along with either “corona” or “COVID” were searched in Twitter during a two-month period from 2 October 2020 to 12 October 2021. The retrieved tweets were categorized into five themes of pain, getting braces, limitations due to COVID-19, seeking information, and delayed treatment based on content, and were then manually categorized into three groups of positive, neutral, and negative tweets. Next, a coding system was designed by the software MAXQDA, and the tweets were coded. Data were analyzed by the analysis feature of MAXQDA.Results: Of a total of 424 tweets retrieved, 95 were excluded. The majority of the tweets were about limitations due to COVID-19 (n=156) and were negative (n=213). Also, the majority of the tweets were posted by female users (67.5%). The most common reason for the negative tweets of patients was delayed treatment (43.9%). Also, poor performance of orthodontic clinics and orthodontists with regard to informing and reassuring the patients about protective measures was another reason for the negative tweets of patients (12.5%).Conclusion: Delayed treatment was the most common cause of patient dissatisfaction followed by poor awareness and reassurance of patients regarding adherence to the preventive measures and hygienic protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Orthodontics
Pasupureddi Keerthana; Meghna Mukhopadhyay; Shubhnita Verma; Prasad Chitra
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze and synthesize data from animal research on the impact of hormones and their synthetic derivatives on orthodontic tooth movement by altering calcium metabolism.Methods: Eight databases were scanned electronically, followed by a manual search, until 27 February ...
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Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze and synthesize data from animal research on the impact of hormones and their synthetic derivatives on orthodontic tooth movement by altering calcium metabolism.Methods: Eight databases were scanned electronically, followed by a manual search, until 27 February 2022. Animal experiments were chosen with control groups exploring the impact on orthodontic tooth movement with calcitonin, calcium, parathyroid hormone, teriparatide, and vitamin D. The reporting quality of primary studies was assessed using the CAMARADES tool. Data was collected from related studies and SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool was utilized to determine risk of bias.Results: Of the 2388 documents obtained in the search, 11 studies were included. The amount of orthodontic tooth movement reduced with the administration of calcitonin and calcium. However, with parathyroid hormone, teriparatide, and vitamin D, acceleration of tooth movement was noted. The results were statistically significant omitting three studies that assessed orthodontic tooth movement with calcium, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone. Root resorption increased with calcium, vitamin D, PGE2, and a dose-dependent decrease was seen in higher doses of calcitonin. Bone mineral density improved with increased parathyroid hormone levels.Conclusion: Vitamin D, their synthetic derivatives, and parathyroid hormone were found to increase orthodontic tooth movement. Calcitonin showed a dose dependent reduction in orthodontic tooth movement.
Biomechanics
Prerna Pahuja; Divya Yadav; Harshita Gupta; Gurkeerat Singh; Monika Dahiya; Arisha Izhar; Akanksha Shukla; Deepali Bisht
Abstract
Aim: Among various retraction methods for space closure in first premolar extraction, the palatal approach is preferred to labial appliances in cases having high aesthetic demand. A finite element model and clinical randomized prospective trial was undertaken to determine the possibility of en-masse ...
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Aim: Among various retraction methods for space closure in first premolar extraction, the palatal approach is preferred to labial appliances in cases having high aesthetic demand. A finite element model and clinical randomized prospective trial was undertaken to determine the possibility of en-masse retraction of maxillary anterior teeth using palatal TAD and a clear aligner-like appliance in patients undergoing extraction of maxillary first premolars and to study the effects of the above using three-dimensional scanned models and lateral cephalograms.Methods: A finite element model of maxillary dentition with alveolar bone, an acrylic splint on six anterior teeth, palatal implants, and short e-chain were produced to measure shifting when force was applied from three various levels. Thereafter, the finite element analysis findings were applied to 10 patients requiring fixed orthodontic treatment with first premolar extraction and fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Impressions were made and the rate of retraction was evaluated at 4-week intervals by superimposition of scanned models.Results: En-masse bodily retraction was seen when both canine hooks and palatal TAD was placed at 10 mm distance from the respective gingival margin. Clinically, subjects showed significant retraction at that level and statistically significant results in some cases. The maximum rate of retraction was seen in the first three months (average: 5.310 mm) with p-value <0.0001.Conclusion: Translational tooth movement was observed when line of force was at the level of the center of resistance.
Cephalometry
Hosur Krishnaiah Vedavathi; Priyanka Roy; Prasanna Kumar P Shashanka; Sowmya Kyathanahalli Subbaiah
Abstract
Aim: Frankfurt horizontal and Sella-Nasion lines are the most widely accepted and used landmarks in cephalometric analysis. This study investigates the use of the Orbito-Condylion line extending from the Orbitale to the Condylion as a novel horizontal line for substituting the Frankfurt horizontal line. ...
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Aim: Frankfurt horizontal and Sella-Nasion lines are the most widely accepted and used landmarks in cephalometric analysis. This study investigates the use of the Orbito-Condylion line extending from the Orbitale to the Condylion as a novel horizontal line for substituting the Frankfurt horizontal line. Similarly, the evaluation of the Orbito-Basion line as an alternative to the Sella-Nasion line in cephalometric analysis was done. We evaluated the reproducibility of the new horizontal lines and measured the angle between the Orbito-Condylion line and the Frankfurt line; and the angle between the Sella-Nasion and Orbitale-Basion line.Methods: This investigation was carried out on 30 individuals. The Porion, Orbitale, Condylion, Sella, Nasion, and Basion were identified and marked. The angles between the orbito-meatal line (inferior orbital rim to the Porion; the Frankfurt line) and the Orbito-Condylion line (inferior orbital rim to the Condylion) were measured. Likewise, the angles between the Sella-Nasion line (center of sella tursica to Nasion) and the Orbito-Basion line (inferior orbital rim to Basion) were measured.Results: Significant interobserver and intraobserver bias did not exist. The mean angle between the Frankfurt line and Orbito-Condylion line was 0.5°±2.27° and the mean angle between the Sella-Nasion line and Orbito-Basion line was 3.48°±3.11°.Conclusion: This study showed the new lines have good reproducibility, reliability, and efficacy. The Orbito-Condylion and Orbito-Basion lines are reliable, reproducible, and easily identifiable, and has the potential as novel standard horizontal lines to supersede or complement the Frankfurt line and Sella-Nasion line in anthropological studies and clinical applications.
Orthodontics
Foroozan Farahbod; Sepideh Dadgar; Farhad Sobouti; Ali Malekzadeh Shafaroudi; Sajad Yousefi; Ali Nowruzy
Abstract
Background: Superimposition of left and right structures is an issue in lateral cephalometric radiographs in dentistry, making it challenging to measure structures, including the gonial angle. Panoramic radiography contains fewer superimposing structures; therefore, it could measure the gonial angle. ...
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Background: Superimposition of left and right structures is an issue in lateral cephalometric radiographs in dentistry, making it challenging to measure structures, including the gonial angle. Panoramic radiography contains fewer superimposing structures; therefore, it could measure the gonial angle. This study aimed to compare the gonial angle in panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs in different skeletal patterns.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 240 panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs were collected from the archives of Sari Dental School. The gonial angle of each radiograph was traced and measured with a conveyor. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA and paired t-test, and P-value <0.05 were considered significant.Results: The paired t-test of the gonial angle did not show a statistically significant difference between different skeletal groups when measured using panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs. According to the results, the p-value of the difference between the right and left gonial angles in skeletal class III patients (p=0.019) was obtained larger than the test level (p=0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a statistically significant difference between the size of the left and right gonial angles in panoramic radiographs of skeletal class III patients. Conclusion: Panoramic radiography can be an accurate alternative to lateral cephalometric radiographs for measuring the gonial angle in different skeletal patterns due to the lower radiation it exposes to the patient.
kiyomars sadri; Arman Mohammadi Shayan; Ahmad Behroozian; Parya Fathi
Abstract
Background: Debonding of orthodontic metal bracket is a routine part of fixed orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the direction of enamel cracks before and after debonding the metal orthodontic brackets in five different techniques.Methods: Two hundred extracted ...
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Background: Debonding of orthodontic metal bracket is a routine part of fixed orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the direction of enamel cracks before and after debonding the metal orthodontic brackets in five different techniques.Methods: Two hundred extracted human premolars were randomly divided into five groups in this in vitro study. Metal brackets were bonded with Transbond XT (3 M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) light-cured adhesive. Then the brackets were removed with one of these methods: ultrasonic scaler, ligature cutter plier, bracket removal plier, how plier, crown remover. Direction of the enamel cracks were examined by stereomicroscope and compared. Statistical analysis was done with Paired t-test and Chi-squared test. P < 0.05 was considered as significant.Results: After debonding, mixed type had the highest frequency (80.9 %) and no specimens were observed with horizontal crack. There was no significant change in the pattern of directions in before-after comparison (p=0.007. Mixed pattern was less common in ultrasonic group compared to crown remover and ligature cutter groups (p=0.007 and 0.035 respectively).Conclusion: All of the five debonding methods in the current study had no significant change on the microcrack patterns and there were no horizontal cracks after debonding. Ultrasonic device had the least number of mixed cracks after debonding.
Orthodontics
Mahdjoube Goldani Moghadam; hanieh kazemi; Mahdi Mohammadi
Abstract
Background: There is a continuous debate on the issue of comparison between extraction and non-extraction treatment results in terms of subsequent soft tissue changes for Class II division 1 patients. So far, however, far too little attention has been paid to photographic evaluation of treatment results.Aims: ...
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Background: There is a continuous debate on the issue of comparison between extraction and non-extraction treatment results in terms of subsequent soft tissue changes for Class II division 1 patients. So far, however, far too little attention has been paid to photographic evaluation of treatment results.Aims: The aim of this was to assess the impact of extraction and non-extraction treatment of Class II division 1malocclusion on soft tissue profile by means of pre- and post- treatment photographs.Materials and methods: The pre- and post- treatment profile photographs of 41 borderline Class II division 1malocclusion patients (ANB ≤5 degrees, and overjet ≤ 5 mm) were evaluated. The photographs were digitized into the computer and 19 angular measurements were evaluated. Paired t-tests and Independent-sample t-tests were performed to compare the pre- and post- treatment values between the extraction and non- extraction groups. The level of significance was set to be P < .05.Results: Significant differences between pre- and post- treatment values in extraction group existed for Z angle and N‑Sn‑Pog. In non- extraction group significant differences observed in N‑Pn‑Pog, G‑Sn‑Pog, N‑Sn‑Pog and N‑Sn‑B.When comparing the extraction and non-extraction groups before and after treatment the results showed that the only significant difference was in PFH/AFH proportion.Conclusions: The results of this study for both extraction and non- extraction group were straightening and improvement of soft tissue profile without significant impact on lips or nasolabial angle.
Orthodontics
Farhad Sobouti; Reza Aliza deh-Navaei; Mehran Armin; Anahita Lotfizadeh; Mehdi Aryana; Sepideh Dadgar
Volume 15, Issue 2 , September 2020, , Pages 1-4
Abstract
Introduction: Orthodontics is defined as a branch of dentistry that deals with the correction of malocclusion. In this regard, determining the most appropriate time for orthodontic treatment is of utmost importance. General dental practitioners (GDPs) are normally the first link of the treatment chain ...
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Introduction: Orthodontics is defined as a branch of dentistry that deals with the correction of malocclusion. In this regard, determining the most appropriate time for orthodontic treatment is of utmost importance. General dental practitioners (GDPs) are normally the first link of the treatment chain of patients needing orthodontic treatments. The present study aimed to determine the GDPs’ knowledge of appropriate timing of orthodontic treatments in Sari, Iran. Material and methods: This descriptive, analytical and cross-sectional study was performed on GDPs working in Sari in 2019. The statistical population included 380 GDPs, 186 of whom were selected. Data were collected using a 24-item questionnaire is applied to evaluate the GDPs’ knowledge level of the appropriate timing of orthodontic treatments. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 19.Results: In total, 142 out of 186 GDPs participated in the study with a mean age of 36.12±10.15 years. 86 subjects (59.9%) had less than 10 years of work experience. Total mean (±SD) knowledge level of the GDPs was estimated at a moderate level (14.13±3.79). Percentage of the knowledge levels of poor, moderate and good was 12, 70, and 18, respectively. There was significant relationship between knowledge level and gender (P=0.013). Meanwhile, no association was observed between the work experience of the participants and their level of knowledge (P=0.393).
Conclusions: According to the results of the present study, the total mean score of GDPs’ knowledge of appropriate timing of orthodontic treatments in Sari was moderate, and only 12% of the participants had poor knowledge level in this regard. It is notable that male subjects had a significantly higher knowledge level, and another analysis demonstrated the lack of effectiveness of work experience on the knowledge level of individuals.
Mostafa Abtahi; Negin Azizzadeh; Hossein Bagheri; Alireza Ghasemzadeh
Abstract
BackgroundRecognizing and reviewing the educational curricula of the specialized fields of dentistry and comparing it with the curricula of the top universities in the world will help to provide the necessary changes and corrections in postgraduate dental education, leading to more skilled specialists. ...
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BackgroundRecognizing and reviewing the educational curricula of the specialized fields of dentistry and comparing it with the curricula of the top universities in the world will help to provide the necessary changes and corrections in postgraduate dental education, leading to more skilled specialists. Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the orthodontics post graduate curriculum of Mashhad dental school with the top 10 international dental schools. Methods Twenty-two of the world's top universities (10 main and 12 reserve) that offer orthodontics postgraduate programs were selected. A checklist including eight key factors and some secondary variables was prepared. These factors were classified as quantitative and qualitative. The checklist was filled with information provided by university websites and contacting program directors using email. A sample t-test and descriptive-analytic approach were respectively used to analyze the quantitative and qualitative data. ResultsAmong the quantitative factors that were evaluated, only the “percentage of completely treated patients” was significantly lower in Mashhad dental school compared with that of the top 10 international dental schools. There was no significant difference regarding the length of study, the number of professors, and the number of patients visited by each resident. Among the qualitative factors, the most diversity was seen in certificates awarded to graduates. Conclusions No significant difference was observed in didactic education, clinical training, and research project conduction between the orthodontics post graduate program of Mashhad dental school and top-tier international universities.
Atefe Saffar Shahroudi; Behrad Tanbakuchi
Abstract
Context: Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) have been introduced to orthodontic treatment for enhancing anchorage control. It is claimed that they are not disposable and can be used several times after sterilization process. However, the question is whether this repeated sterilization has any effect ...
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Context: Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) have been introduced to orthodontic treatment for enhancing anchorage control. It is claimed that they are not disposable and can be used several times after sterilization process. However, the question is whether this repeated sterilization has any effect on the properties of these devices. This study was done to review the available articles that had addressed various aspects of this issue.Evidence Acquisition: The authors searched several electronic data bases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Embase with several key words related to orthodontic temporary anchorage devices and sterilization. The relevant articles were reviewed and categorized in the following subjects: mechanical properties, primary stability and clinical success, and histologic and microscopic characteristics. Results: Sterilizing the temporary anchorage devices seems not to affect the mechanical properties of these devices.
Conclusions: In terms of primary stability, and clinical success, very few studies are available. Histologic and microscopic evaluations showed some alteration in the surface characteristics of TADs including some mineral precipitation.
Hossein Aghily; Ahmad Mosadegh; Alireza Akrami; Zahra Moradi; Mohammad Reza Hakimimeiboodi; Zahra Ebrahimi Nik
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare antibacterial and antifungal effects of different concentrations of Zataria multiflora extract mouthrinse.
Methods: In this lab trial study, 128 elastomeric ligatures were divided into 2 groups of 64. Before disinfection eight ligatures of ...
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Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare antibacterial and antifungal effects of different concentrations of Zataria multiflora extract mouthrinse.
Methods: In this lab trial study, 128 elastomeric ligatures were divided into 2 groups of 64. Before disinfection eight ligatures of each group were randomly selected to evaluate the microbial load. The remaining ligatures in each group (n = 58) were divided into 7 subgroups of 8. All samples in group 1 (G1) contaminated with Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and in group 2 (G2) contaminated with Candida albicans (C. albicans). Then, Zataria multiflora extract in 1%, 0.1%, 0.01%, 0.001%, 0.0001% concentrations as decontamination agent were used in 5 subgroups of each group. Positive control consisted of penicillin in G1 and nystatin in G2. For the negative control in both groups phosphate buffered saline was used. The average number of adhered viable bacterial cell after performing the disinfection protocols were calculated and compared. The collected data was statistically analyzed by Kruskal-wallis, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney test using SPSS software version 18 at a significant level of 0.05. Results: Results showed that penicillin, nystatin, Zataria multiflora extract in 1% and 0.1% concentrations completely eliminated C. albicans and S. mutans on elastomeric ligatures. Statistically significant differences were found between the number of adhered S. mutans and C. albicans before and after performing the all five concentrations of disinfection solutions (P = 0.01). Also higher concentrations of Zataria multiflora showed more antibacterial effectse in both groups.
Conclusions: Zataria multiflora extract mouthrinse showed antibacterial and antifungal characteristics and could be useful for patients under orthodontic treatment.
Sara Soheilifar; Sanaz Soheilfar; Bahareh Javanshir; Milad Malekshoar; Zeinab Mohamadi
Abstract
Objectives: Considering the changes in periodontal parameters after orthodontic treatment and lack of adequate evidence on the return of these parameters to normal, the aim of this study was to evaluate the time needed for recovery of periodontal parameters to normal after debonding.Methods: In this ...
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Objectives: Considering the changes in periodontal parameters after orthodontic treatment and lack of adequate evidence on the return of these parameters to normal, the aim of this study was to evaluate the time needed for recovery of periodontal parameters to normal after debonding.Methods: In this prospective study, 24 patients (21 females and 3 males) with a mean age of 18.86 ± 4.64 years were included, who were in the final stage of their orthodontic treatment and ready for debonding of orthodontic brackets. The most important inclusion criteria were: No history of periodontal problems, no extensive restorations and caries, no smoking, no systemic disorders and no calculus. In each session, the patients were given oral health instructions and then probing depth (PD), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) of the first molars and central incisors of each quadrant were evaluated at the time of debonding (T1), and one (T2), two (T3) and three (T4) months later; in patients who did not return to normal status (GI ≤ 0.5, negative BOP, PD ≤ 3 mm) after 3 months, the measurements were repeated in subsequent months (up to 6 months). ANOVA followed by pairwise Tukey comparisons were used for determining differences in PD, GI, BOP and PI between the time intervals. Results: In general, all the parameters were decreased from T1 to T4. Furthermore, comparisons between different intervals using post hoc Tukey test showed that decreases in PD of the buccal surface and proximal surface in comparison to debonding time were significant during the first and second months, respectively (P < 0.05). Interpretation of statistical data showed a significant reduction in GI after two months. BOP became negative and significantly different after one month in half of the teeth and two months in the other teeth. PI generally decreased from T1 to T4.Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, periodontal parameters returned to normal one to two months after debonding.
Livia Barenghi; Alberto Barenghi; Alberto Di Blasio
Abstract
Context: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has recently published its “Summary of Infection Prevention Practices in Dental Settings: Basic Expectations for Safe Care”, but information concerning compliance, occupational hazards, and specific recommendations for orthodontic facilities ...
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Context: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has recently published its “Summary of Infection Prevention Practices in Dental Settings: Basic Expectations for Safe Care”, but information concerning compliance, occupational hazards, and specific recommendations for orthodontic facilities is less widely available.
Evidence Acquisition: We searched electronic English articles published in PubMed and Google Scholar databases (2010- May 2016) using various combinations of the key indexing terms. Results: 95 articles were selected for comprehensive reading according to the inclusion criteria. Problems and difficulties for orthodontic offices in applying the recommendations have been divided into nine focus areas concerning the quality of supplies, the procedures necessary to adhere to the standard precautions of hand hygiene, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette, sharps safety, orthodontic instrument reconditioning, cleaning and disinfecting clinical contact surfaces and dental unit water lines, and impression disinfection.
Conclusions: On the basis of our experience in a university department of orthodontics and private orthodontic offices, we believe that innovative thinking based on better knowledge, education and training, ergonomics, and task-specific, evidence-based guidelines and resources are required to improve compliance with infection control recommendations.
Behnam Mirzakouchaki; Reza Faraji; Mahdi Rahbar; Hadi Shirvani
Abstract
Background: Lateral cephalometry is very important for the evaluation of growth, diagnosis, treatment planning and therapeutic evaluations. Considering the advantages of lateral cephalometric analyses with the automatic technique and given the existing problems, the present study was undertaken to use ...
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Background: Lateral cephalometry is very important for the evaluation of growth, diagnosis, treatment planning and therapeutic evaluations. Considering the advantages of lateral cephalometric analyses with the automatic technique and given the existing problems, the present study was undertaken to use a new automatic technique for determination of cephalometric landmarks.
Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine the specific anatomic area by SIFT algorithm for locating cephalometric points using an automatic technique.
Methods: In this study, 110 digital lateral cephalograms were randomly selected and pre-processing was carried out on the images. Three orthodontics used these cephalograms to manually select 11 cephalometric landmarks (point A, point B, PNS, ANS, Po, Or, N, Ar, Me, Gn and Pog) on a software program which had been designed to this end. The coordinates of the selected points were saved in the database for the corresponding process of the images. After completing the software program with these data, 30 new radiographs were submitted to the software program for anatomic determination of the points. SIFT algorithm was used in the software program for the anatomic identification of the landmarks. To make a comparison, these 30 cephalograms were manually analyzed by three orthodontists in order to evaluate the accuracy of the software program at various points. Paired t-teat was used to compare the manual and computerized techniques. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Based on the results, the differences between the manual and automatic methods in determining cephalometric landmarks were < 1 mm in 46% of cases, < 1.5 mm in 82% of cases and < 2 mm in 100% of cases. In addition, there were no significant difference between the two method except for points Or, Po and PNS (P > 0.05).
Conclusions: It was concluded that the designed algorithm had good performance for easy and relatively difficult points. In relation to very difficult points, too, it exhibited rather acceptable performance and located the points better than other algorithms.
Andrea Bargellini; Tommaso Castroflorio; Federica Casasco; Maria Giacone; Francesco Garino; Giovanni Cugliari; Andrea Deregibus
Abstract
Background: In the last years an increasing number of patients have sought for comfortable and aesthetic alternatives to fixed appliances. Aligners, due to the protection against tooth wear, can be compared to occlusal splints used in patients suffering from sleep bruxism (SB). The aim of the study was ...
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Background: In the last years an increasing number of patients have sought for comfortable and aesthetic alternatives to fixed appliances. Aligners, due to the protection against tooth wear, can be compared to occlusal splints used in patients suffering from sleep bruxism (SB). The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of clear aligners on SB episodes using a validated portable device (Bruxoff®, OTBioelettronica, Torino, Italy) allowing a simultaneous recording of electromyographic signals from both the masseter muscles as well as heart frequency to evaluate variation on SB activity.
Methods: Forty patients were analyzed for the study. Twenty of them were assigned to orthodontic treatment with clear aligners (Invisalign®, Align Technology). The other twenty patients were used as control group observed for a period of twelve months. Intra-group and inter-group variances were analyzed by using a two-way ANOVA test. For each analysis a P < 0.05 was set. Results: After the first month of clear aligners therapy, all patients in the case group showed a significant reduction in the number of SB episodes (P < 0.05). However, after three months SB values returned to baseline levels. The number of tonic contractions were reduced even after three months of orthodontic treatment (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: While clear aligners seem to be capable to reduce clenching, i.e. occlusal load, in SB patients, the grinding activity seems to be not influenced by those appliances at least in the short term of the present investigation.
Esfandiar Akhavan Niaki; Masomeh Esmaily; Yasamin Farajzadeh Jalali
Abstract
Background: Bonding is the most commonly used technique to attach brackets to tooth surfaces.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of time and concentration of etching with phosphoric acid on shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets after using 10-MDP containing adhesive.
Methods: ...
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Background: Bonding is the most commonly used technique to attach brackets to tooth surfaces.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of time and concentration of etching with phosphoric acid on shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets after using 10-MDP containing adhesive.
Methods: Fifty intact premolars were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10). They were mounted in resin blocks. In control group a gel without phosphoric acid and in-group 2, 3, 4, and 5, phosphoric acid 37% for 5 or 15 seconds and phosphoric acid 15% for 5 or 15 seconds was used respectively. Clearfil SE Bond was used as an adhesive resin for all samples. After bonding of brackets, they were put under 300 thermocycling aging regime and after that the bracket/tooth SBS was measured by universal testing machine. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was evaluated under a stereomicroscope. Data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The highest mean SBS belonged to the 15% phosphoric acid etching in 15 seconds while the lowest value was seen in 37% phosphoric acid etching in 5 seconds. The effect of etching time on SBS was not significant (P = 0.31) but the effect of concentration in SBS has been significant (P < 0.001). In terms of ARI, in application of 15% phosphoric acid, more than 50% of the resin remained on tooth surface. In application of 37% phosphoric acid, all the resin remained on tooth surface.
Conclusions: In using of Clearfil SE bond, containing 10-MDP, preparing enamel by 15% phosphoric acid had created strong enough SBS.
Farhad Sobouti; Fatemeh Namvar; Sepideh Dadgar
Abstract
Context: In recent years, lasers have numerous applications in orthodontics as an important field of dentistry. The purpose of this article is to review some of the major applications of laser in the field of soft tissue management in orthodontics.
Evidence Acquisition: No single laser wavelength can ...
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Context: In recent years, lasers have numerous applications in orthodontics as an important field of dentistry. The purpose of this article is to review some of the major applications of laser in the field of soft tissue management in orthodontics.
Evidence Acquisition: No single laser wavelength can be used to optimally treat all dental diseases. However, the needs of the orthodontic clinician are unique and selection of the most appropriate laser for orthodontic applications is essential to achieve optimal results. Results: Light emitted from diode lasers is poorly absorbed by dental hard tissues, these lasers can be safely used for soft tissue surgery applications, including gingival recontouring, crown lengthening, removal of hypertrophic tissue and frenectomies close to the enamel, dentine and cement. Considering beam safety, most of the lasers used for medical and dental purposes are in the Class IV category, so it is necessary to take appropriate safety measures.
Conclusions: In the near future, with the clarification of laser exposure protocols and a decrease in device cost and, Dental lasers may play an increasingly important role in soft tissue management during orthodontic treatment.