microbiology
Arezoo Jahanbin; Mostafa Entezari; Erfan Bardideh
Abstract
Aim: Droplets and aerosols are the main source of transmission and rapid spread of COVID-19 worldwide. Topical mouthwashes and oronasal irrigation are recommended as ways of preventing airborne transmission to health care professionals. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the changes of COVID 19 viral ...
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Aim: Droplets and aerosols are the main source of transmission and rapid spread of COVID-19 worldwide. Topical mouthwashes and oronasal irrigation are recommended as ways of preventing airborne transmission to health care professionals. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the changes of COVID 19 viral load after administration of different mouthwashes.Methods: An electronic search was undertaken including the following databases: Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase. Search for grey literature, and hand search for relevant studies was also performed. The quality of included randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were assessed using the Cochrane Collaborations. Afterward, the relevant data from the included studies was extracted. Inverse-variance random-effects meta-analysis was performed to compare the effects of different types of mouthwashes on COVID viral presence.Results: After screening 1437 studies, 10 randomized clinical trials were finally selected. A total of 884 patients were assessed in these studies. The meta-analysis revealed the Cyclic Threshold (CT) values increased after the use of mouthwashes (MD=2.00, 95%CI= 0.51, 3.49, P<0.05). Considering the CT values are inversely correlated to the viral load, the result means the use of mouthwashes decreases the viral load in the saliva. This study also showed that increase of CT values was statistically significant for Povidone Iodine mouthwash (MD=4.08, 95%CI= 0.13, 8.02, P<0.05); however, Cetylpyridinium Chloride and Chlorhexidine Gluconate mouthwashes non-significantly (P value>0.05) reduced viral load in the saliva of patients with COVID 19.Conclusion: According to the result of this study, the use of mouthwashes reduces the viral load of saliva in patients with COVID 19. In addition to basic precautions for preventing the transmission of COVID 19, using mouthwashes may be a reasonable way to decrease the risk of disease transmission to medical staff.
Orthodontics
Pasupureddi Keerthana; Meghna Mukhopadhyay; Shubhnita Verma; Prasad Chitra
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze and synthesize data from animal research on the impact of hormones and their synthetic derivatives on orthodontic tooth movement by altering calcium metabolism.
Methods: Eight databases were scanned electronically, followed by a manual search, until 27 February ...
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Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze and synthesize data from animal research on the impact of hormones and their synthetic derivatives on orthodontic tooth movement by altering calcium metabolism.
Methods: Eight databases were scanned electronically, followed by a manual search, until 27 February 2022. Animal experiments were chosen with control groups exploring the impact on orthodontic tooth movement with calcitonin, calcium, parathyroid hormone, teriparatide, and vitamin D. The reporting quality of primary studies was assessed using the CAMARADES tool. Data was collected from related studies and SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool was utilized to determine risk of bias.
Results: Of the 2388 documents obtained in the search, 11 studies were included. The amount of orthodontic tooth movement reduced with the administration of calcitonin and calcium. However, with parathyroid hormone, teriparatide, and vitamin D, acceleration of tooth movement was noted. The results were statistically significant omitting three studies that assessed orthodontic tooth movement with calcium, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone. Root resorption increased with calcium, vitamin D, PGE2, and a dose-dependent decrease was seen in higher doses of calcitonin. Bone mineral density improved with increased parathyroid hormone levels.
Conclusion: Vitamin D, their synthetic derivatives, and parathyroid hormone were found to increase orthodontic tooth movement. Calcitonin showed a dose dependent reduction in orthodontic tooth movement.
Orthodontics
Somasundara Ramadevi; Anjith Shirley Gladstone; Sarala Manjappa Laxmikanth; Chunduri Raghunandan; Jairaj Vani; Shrikanth Shendre; Khan Mahamad Irfanulla; Maqbool Sameena Begum; Riyaz Khadeer
Abstract
Aim: The use of pre-procedural mouth rinse for prevention of COVID-19 can reduce viral load but can alter the bond strength. The purpose of this study was to determine any correlation between the use of these pre-procedural mouth rinse and the shear-bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets.Methods: ...
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Aim: The use of pre-procedural mouth rinse for prevention of COVID-19 can reduce viral load but can alter the bond strength. The purpose of this study was to determine any correlation between the use of these pre-procedural mouth rinse and the shear-bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets.Methods: Thirty-three maxillary premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes were used. The buccal surfaces of all teeth were bonded with orthodontic brackets. Later, each tooth was embedded into acrylic resin and stored in distilled water. Teeth were randomly divided into three groups (group I: hydrogen peroxide mouth rinse, group II: povidone-iodine mouth rinse, and group III: artificial saliva), and stored in each solution for 12 hours. Later, each tooth was subjected to SBS testing using a universal testing machine. Data were statistically evaluated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc test (Tukey’s HSD) with a significance of p< 0.05.Results: The highest mean SBS was observed in the artificial saliva (control group), followed by the povidone-iodine and hydrogen peroxide groups.Conclusion: Hydrogen peroxide mouth rinses should not be used during fixed orthodontic treatment because it alters bond strength.
Orthodontics
Mahdjoube Goldani Moghadam; Hanieh Kazemi; Mohadese Bani Asadi
Abstract
Aim: This study aims to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of different combinations of retainer wires and enamel preparation methods.
Methods: A total of 180 extracted mandibular bovine incisors were randomly divided into nine groups of 20 paired teeth each. Three techniques were employed to prepare ...
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Aim: This study aims to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of different combinations of retainer wires and enamel preparation methods.
Methods: A total of 180 extracted mandibular bovine incisors were randomly divided into nine groups of 20 paired teeth each. Three techniques were employed to prepare the enamel: acid etches only, Er:YAG laser before acid etch, and sandblast before acid etch. The retainer wires, including Bond-A-Braid, GAC Wildcat Twistflex Wire, and TruForce coaxial wire, were bonded with the adhesive Transbond LR and SBS values were measured. The two-way ANOVA test was used to evaluate the effect of the conditioning method in combination with the retainer wire type and the interaction of two variables. Pairwise comparisons were done using the Tukey post hoc test. A value of P≤0.05 was considered to be significant for all statistical tests.
Results: The highest shear bond strength value was found for sandblasted surface bonded with Bond-A-Braid wire. The combination of acid-etched enamel/GAC Wildcat Twistflex wire revealed the lowest value of the SBS. Statistically significant differences did not exist for the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) scores among the study groups.
Conclusion: Sandblasting and laser irradiation before the acid etching significantly increased the SBS. Differences in the SBS values of different wires were insignificant.
cleft lip and palate
Daniela Garib; Raquel Silva Poletto; Thagid Yasmin Leal Almeida; Silvia Maria Graziadei; Guilherme Janson
Abstract
Aim: This study compared the prevalence of tooth agenesis out of the cleft area in patients with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) with and without agenesis of maxillary permanent lateral incisors.
Methods: Tooth agenesis was evaluated in panoramic radiographs taken between 7 and 11 years ...
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Aim: This study compared the prevalence of tooth agenesis out of the cleft area in patients with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) with and without agenesis of maxillary permanent lateral incisors.
Methods: Tooth agenesis was evaluated in panoramic radiographs taken between 7 and 11 years of age. Intergroup comparison of tooth agenesis frequency was performed using the chi-square test (P<0.05) and the odds ratio. A sample of 130 patients (87 male, 43 female) with non-syndromic bilateral cleft lip and palate was selected. Group P (n = 44) consisted of individuals with the presence of maxillary lateral incisors on the right and left sides; group UA (n = 40) comprised patients with unilateral agenesis of lateral incisors; group BA (n = 46) comprised patients with bilateral agenesis of lateral incisors. Intergroup comparison for frequency of tooth agenesis outside the cleft area was performed using Chi-square test (p-value <0.05 was considered significant) and the odds ratio (p<0.016).
Results: The prevalence of dental agenesis out of the cleft area in groups P, UA, and BA was 31.8%, 32.5%, and 60.8%, respectively. Group BA showed a significantly greater prevalence of tooth agenesis compared with the UA and P groups. There was no significant difference in the odds ratio between any groups. The most common absent teeth were the maxillary second premolars followed by the mandibular second premolars for all groups.
Conclusion: Patients with BCLP and bilateral agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors show an increased prevalence of other permanent teeth. This association demonstrates a genetic background of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis at the cleft area.
