Nilesh Mote; Jyoti Rajbhar; Ravindra Manerikar; Rishikesh Rathod; Kunal Pallan
Abstract
Rotations are very common components of malocclusions. Couple forces bring about a quick and an efficient correction but the two anchorage units from which the force is being derived should be stable in order to prevent the reaction forces. In this case report, derotation of a central tooth with a couple ...
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Rotations are very common components of malocclusions. Couple forces bring about a quick and an efficient correction but the two anchorage units from which the force is being derived should be stable in order to prevent the reaction forces. In this case report, derotation of a central tooth with a couple force system appliance without deleterious effects on the surrounding teeth has been presented.
Pasupureddi Keerthana; Meghna Mukhopadhyay; Rajasri Diddige; Shubhnita Verma; Pradeep Raj; Prasad Chitra
Abstract
Objectives: The objective of the current study was to compare the amount of separation obtained by two various elastomeric separators, as well as the pain perception and gingival health. Methods: A randomized split-mouth study was performed on 60 patients receiving fixed orthodontic treatment who ...
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Objectives: The objective of the current study was to compare the amount of separation obtained by two various elastomeric separators, as well as the pain perception and gingival health. Methods: A randomized split-mouth study was performed on 60 patients receiving fixed orthodontic treatment who were put randomly in one of two separator groups (Group 1: Elastomeric separators; Group 2: Safe-T separators). At the end of the 5-day study, the amount of separation was evaluated using a feeler gauge. Qualitative and quantitative pain assessment was performed using a patient-filled VAS (visual analogue scale) score and a questionnaire. Loe and Silness gingival index was used to examine gingival health at the time of placement and removal of separators. Student t-Test was used to compare mean VAS scores and the amount of separation followed by repeated measures of ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post hoc analysis. Chi Square Test was utilized to compare gingival index scores followed by the marginal homogeneity test comparing the 1st and 5th day. Reproducibility of measurements underwent assessment using intra-class correlation coefficients. Results: Greater statistically significant amounts of separation (0.126 mm) was achieved by Safe-T separators than conventional elastomeric separators. Patients experienced maximum pain and discomfort with the use of conventional elastomeric separators. Amount of soft tissue injury and bleeding was greater with elastomeric separators with a mean gingival score of 3.Conclusion: Safe-T separators separate teeth optimally with minimal injury and discomfort to soft tissues, which makes them the better choice for clinicians.
Shaimaa Fatah; Ali Rafighi; Aydin Sohrabi; Parastou Nastarin
Abstract
Background: Determining the factors involved in selecting a specialist dentist from patient’s point of view helps dentists to improve the quality of their services and responds to patients' needs. Therefore, this study is aimed to determine the factors affecting the selection of an orthodontist ...
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Background: Determining the factors involved in selecting a specialist dentist from patient’s point of view helps dentists to improve the quality of their services and responds to patients' needs. Therefore, this study is aimed to determine the factors affecting the selection of an orthodontist by individuals.Methods: In this study, 384 patients who had been referred to the orthodontist office participated. Individuals were interviewed separately using a questionnaire. Data were collected after completing the questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software version 21.Results: Findings revealed that the orthodontist's work experience and reputation among the patients (34.1%), their attention and explanation with details to patients (45.6%), referral through another dentist, friends or other patients (46.1%), the good behavior of the staff and the cleanliness of the office (58.1%), the use of non-extraction treatment based on each patient’s needs (47.9%) and having a payment plan and low cost of treatment (24.2%) were the most substantial issues and greatest priorities in the decision making process of patients.Conclusion: Our findings indicated that some of the factors and priorities have a high impact on the selection of dentists. The knowledge of these priorities and reasons for patients to choose a dentist can be used in marketing strategies by dentists.
Massoud Seifi; Negin Sadat matini
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of the present study was to systematically review the literature on the success and failure of the miniscrews.Materials and Methods: Titles and abstracts in Medline Databases (PubMed) were screened by 2 reviewers. First result contains 273 articles, after search filters they have reached ...
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Aim: The purpose of the present study was to systematically review the literature on the success and failure of the miniscrews.Materials and Methods: Titles and abstracts in Medline Databases (PubMed) were screened by 2 reviewers. First result contains 273 articles, after search filters they have reached to 9 articles. All articles were discussed by 2 reviewers and disagreements were solved.Results: The total success rate were available in all 9 studies and ranged from 70.3% to 96%. The number of treated patients were ranged from 15 to 141and also the number of miniscrews ranged from 44 to 260. The success and failure rates of miniscrews in these 9 studies had no significant correlation with gender. Statistic methods are different among these clinical trials.Conclusion: It seems that weak consensus exist between bulk of data obtained from different clinical trials. Gender has been mentioned as a predisposing factor for success or failure rate and some article reported more success for male, some for female, and some no difference. Immediate loading has more success rate according to some investigations but many investigators suggest a healing period and delayed loading. Diameter and length of miniscrews and their dispersion factor is another source of inconsistency among authors. Diameters start from (in millimeter) 1.2, 1.3, 1.6-1.8 to 2 mm and length starts from (in millimeter) 5, 6,7,8 to 10 mm and different success rate is reported for these parameters. Even success or failure rate is described differently among clinicians and it start from stability during first one week, extends to six month and two year. In addition, some authors believe that because of the pool of subjects (large sample with important elements) in retrospective studies, appropriate statistics are Kaplan-Meier survival curves based on rigorous clinical success or failure criteria instead of success or failure rate.
Massoud Seifi; Roya Hamedi; Maryam Nazirii
Abstract
Background and aim: Orthodontic tooth movement requires remodeling of periodontal tissues, especially alveolar bone. A major objective of investigators is to achieve maximum tooth movement with minimal root damage. The aim of this study is to determine if the rate and amount of orthodontic tooth movement ...
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Background and aim: Orthodontic tooth movement requires remodeling of periodontal tissues, especially alveolar bone. A major objective of investigators is to achieve maximum tooth movement with minimal root damage. The aim of this study is to determine if the rate and amount of orthodontic tooth movement in a sample of rats could be enhanced by the injection of a vitamin D metabolite and Prostaglandin E2.Materials and Methods: Thirty-Two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of eight rats each: 1- 1.5 IU/ml vitamin D was injected into the thigh muscle after installation the orthodontic appliance in first group (Vit D group)
2- 0.1 ml of 1 mg/ml PGE2 was injected submucosally in the second group (PGE2 group).
3- In the third group, 1.5 IU/ml vitamin D and 0.1 ml of 1 mg/ml PGE2 was injected submucosally (Vit D+ PGE2).
4- Distilled water (0.1 ml) was used in control group .In order to calculate the tooth movement; the distance between the upper right first and second molars was measured.Results: All groups have a significant difference with control group (p<0.05). The most mean OTM was observed in the Vit D+PGE2 group (Mean = 0.702± 0.04897mm) that was significantly higher than the Vit D, PGE2 and control groups (P< 0.05). A significant difference (P< 0.05) in root resorption was observed between the PGE2 (0.0192 ±0.000675 mm2) and the other groups.Conclusion: In order to achieve a decrease in root resorption and an increase in OTM, the combination Vit D+PGE2 is useful and there is a synergism effect with Vit D and PGE2.
Behnam Mirzakouchaki; Shirin Shahrbaf; S. Naghinejad Ahmadi
Abstract
Background and aim: Adjusting the retention of orthodontic appliances and the patient’s comfort are important factors for the efficacy of orthodontic treatment using removable appliances. The aim of the present study was to introduce a new technique for adjusting Adams clasp, which is the most ...
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Background and aim: Adjusting the retention of orthodontic appliances and the patient’s comfort are important factors for the efficacy of orthodontic treatment using removable appliances. The aim of the present study was to introduce a new technique for adjusting Adams clasp, which is the most important component involved in the retention of removable appliances, to provide greater retention and patient comfort. Materials and methods: The subjects in the present study consisted of 45 patients referring to the Department of Orthodontics. Four removable maxillary plates were fabricated for each patient. One plate was adjusted from the area of both Adams clasps at overhead areas in the conventional technique. In the three remaining plates, the Adams clasp was bent in the middle area of the bridge under three vertical angles of 8, 15 and 20 degrees. The plates were placed in each patient’s mouth and the retention, overbite change and patient pain scores were determined. Results: The adjustment under a vertical bend of 15° in the middle area of the bridge resulted in maximum retention, followed by 8°, 20° and zero degree (the conventional technique). There were no significantly differences in the mean overbite change values between the four study groups. In addition, mean pain scores did not exhibit significant differences between the four study groups. Conclusion: By creating a bend of 15° in the vertical direction in the bridge area of Adams clasp, the tip of the overheads moved 2 mm toward each other based on trigonometry principles, resulting in maximum retention without increasing patient discomfort.
F. FarahBakhsh; Fariborz Amini
Abstract
Background and aim: Knowledge of arch width characteristics in different malocclusion types such as Class II/2 malocclusion have considerable implications in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. The purpose of this study was to compare the transverse dimensions of the dental arches in an Iranian ...
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Background and aim: Knowledge of arch width characteristics in different malocclusion types such as Class II/2 malocclusion have considerable implications in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. The purpose of this study was to compare the transverse dimensions of the dental arches in an Iranian plaster cast samples with Class II division 2 (II/2) malocclusion and class I malocclsion.Materials and methods: In this case-control study, maxillary and mandibular intercanine (IC) and intermolar (IM) arch widths measured and recorded from 26 subjects with Class II/2 malocclusion. The data were compared with 26 control subjects with class I malocclsion.Results: In the Class II/2 group, the IC widths and IM widths in both arches were less than those in the control sample. Howeverstatistically significant difference was found only in maxillary IM width (p=0.001).Conclusion: The findings indicated that although both maxillary and mandibular arches are narrower in Class II/2 patientsbut posterior segment of maxilla is the site which is mostly affected by the Class II/2 etiologic factors.
Amirhossein Mirhashemi; Sepideh Arab; Rashin Bahrami
Abstract
Background and Objective: Palatal expansion can be done with tooth-borne and bone-borne appliances; Bone maturity is one of the factors required placing a mini-screw in the palate for expansion. Expansion with bone-based appliance also has two dental and skeletal responses; Part of the skeletal response ...
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Background and Objective: Palatal expansion can be done with tooth-borne and bone-borne appliances; Bone maturity is one of the factors required placing a mini-screw in the palate for expansion. Expansion with bone-based appliance also has two dental and skeletal responses; Part of the skeletal response can be to increase the size of the airway. The present study evaluates the effect of Miniscrew-assisted palatal expansion on airway volume.Methods: Search was conducted for articles published between January 2010 to January 2021 in PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane using the following inclusion criteria: 1) patients whose treatment with Miniscrew-assisted palatal expansion and who with transverse discrepancy 2) all languages, 3) Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) or non-randomized clinical trials (Non-RCTs) and retrospective studies were considered.Results: Of the 123 studies on miniscrew-assisted palatal expansion, only 7 studies clinically evaluated the effect of miniscrew-assisted palatal expansion on airway dimensions. The results of studies show that the miniscrew-assisted palatal expansion increasing airway dimensions; so that, increased nasal cavity volume and nasopharyngeal volume have been observed following this treatment. However, studies have shown that this approch does not effect on oropharyngeal, palatopharyngeal, glossopharyngeal and posterior areas.Conclusion: The results of the study demonstrated that Miniscrew-assisted palatal expansion is an effective and efficient treatment in increasing airway dimensions via its increasing nasal cavity and nasopharynx volume.
Amirhossein Mirhashemi; Rashin Bahrami
Abstract
Background and Objective: The aim of this study is a systematic review on the long-term stability of growth modification treatment in children with obstructive sleep apnea (SA).Methods: At first, all the papers (n=87) related to keywords (growth modification, headgear, functional therapy, herbst, twin ...
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Background and Objective: The aim of this study is a systematic review on the long-term stability of growth modification treatment in children with obstructive sleep apnea (SA).Methods: At first, all the papers (n=87) related to keywords (growth modification, headgear, functional therapy, herbst, twin block, forsus, AHI, orthodontics, sleep apnea, systematic review, meta-analysis) were searched for English databases; PubMed, Scopus, Embase, google scholar and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews covering the period from 2000 through 2021 was studied. As a result to inclusion and exclusion criteria, papers related to growth modification treatment in children with sleep apnea were found and analyzed (n=5). Predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were: papers related to growth modification treatment for children with SA, Children 7 to 11 years old with SA grade 2 and above, follow-up 10 months to 11 years old, use of functional appliance and headgear, papers were English, papers were original and all the papers were free full text.Results: Of the 87 studies on growth modification treatment and sleep apnea, only 5 studies clinically evaluated the long-term stability of growth modification treatment on airway dimensions. Growth modification treatments for sleep apnea are very important and can play very significant role in health improvement. So, paying more attention to benefits of orthodontics therapeutic tools in sleep apnea is necessary. On important points is the orthodontist’s active role play in screening the patients for this disease and advice oral appliance therapy, if needed.Conclusion: The long-term stability of using orthodontic functional appliances in the treatment of sleep apnea in children demonstrated that the utilization of these tools can increase the width of airways in the oral cavity improving the respiratory condition in children eliminating problems associated with apnea.
kiyomars sadri; Arman Mohammadi Shayan; Ahmad Behroozian; Parya Fathi
Abstract
Background: Debonding of orthodontic metal bracket is a routine part of fixed orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the direction of enamel cracks before and after debonding the metal orthodontic brackets in five different techniques.Methods: Two hundred extracted ...
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Background: Debonding of orthodontic metal bracket is a routine part of fixed orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the direction of enamel cracks before and after debonding the metal orthodontic brackets in five different techniques.Methods: Two hundred extracted human premolars were randomly divided into five groups in this in vitro study. Metal brackets were bonded with Transbond XT (3 M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) light-cured adhesive. Then the brackets were removed with one of these methods: ultrasonic scaler, ligature cutter plier, bracket removal plier, how plier, crown remover. Direction of the enamel cracks were examined by stereomicroscope and compared. Statistical analysis was done with Paired t-test and Chi-squared test. P < 0.05 was considered as significant.Results: After debonding, mixed type had the highest frequency (80.9 %) and no specimens were observed with horizontal crack. There was no significant change in the pattern of directions in before-after comparison (p=0.007. Mixed pattern was less common in ultrasonic group compared to crown remover and ligature cutter groups (p=0.007 and 0.035 respectively).Conclusion: All of the five debonding methods in the current study had no significant change on the microcrack patterns and there were no horizontal cracks after debonding. Ultrasonic device had the least number of mixed cracks after debonding.
Mojgan Kachoei; Faranak Eskandarinejad; Mahsa Eskandarinejad
Abstract
Aim: Friction accompanies all sliding techniques. Sliding is in the manner of tipping and uprighting with increasing angle between bracket and wire. Recently, wire coating with the different nanoparticles has been proposed to decrease the frictional forces. The present study was done to coat the stainless ...
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Aim: Friction accompanies all sliding techniques. Sliding is in the manner of tipping and uprighting with increasing angle between bracket and wire. Recently, wire coating with the different nanoparticles has been proposed to decrease the frictional forces. The present study was done to coat the stainless steel wires with the ZnO nanoparticles and determine the effect of this coating on friction reduction during different angle between the wires and brackets.
Materials and Methods: Eighty pieces of 0.016 stainless steel wires with and without zinc oxide nanoparticles were used in 80 pieces of orthodontic brackets (0.018). The coated wires analyzed by the SEM and XRD observations. Friction between the wires and orthodontic brackets at 0,5,10 degree angle were calculated using universal testing machine. Two and three group comparisons were done by means of Student t and one-way ANOVA respectively and Tukey post hoc test was used to assess the paired comparisons. Results: Frictional values were significantly increased with the increased angles between the wire and bracket. The increased friction force from 0 to 10 degree in uncoated wires were Statistically more significant than increased friction force from 0 to 10 degree in coated wires (p<0.005).Conclusion: considering the positive effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles coating in decreasing frictional forces, they might offer a novel opportunity to significantly reduce friction during sliding and consequent better anchorage control, reduced risk of root resorption.
Nasrin Farhadian; Amir Farhang Miresmaeili; Shabnam Seyedzadeh Sabounchi; S. Mahmoodzade
Abstract
Introduction: Third molar impaction is usually related to lack of space for eruption. The aim of this study was to assess third molar angulation following extraction and non extraction orthodontic treatment.Methods: This study was carried out on pretreatment and post treatment panoramic and cephalometric ...
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Introduction: Third molar impaction is usually related to lack of space for eruption. The aim of this study was to assess third molar angulation following extraction and non extraction orthodontic treatment.Methods: This study was carried out on pretreatment and post treatment panoramic and cephalometric radiographs of 70 CL I malocclusion patients. Thirty-five patients (24 female and 11 male) with mean age of 16.3±1.8 years had been treated with extraction of four first premolars (extraction group) and thirty-five patients (27 female and 8 male) with mean age of 16.9±2.6 years had been treated without extraction (nonextraction group). In each group, upper and lower third molar angulation, on pre and post treatment radiographs were assessed. Changes in third molar angulations from pretreatment to post treatment in each group were assessed with Mann- Whiteny U test . Changes in two groups were compared with Wilcoxon test.Results: statistical analysis revealed some degree of improvement in third molar angulation in both groups . changes of upper left third molars in extraction group and upper right and lower left third molars in non extraction group were statistically significant. The changes of third molar angulation between two groups were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Extraction of first premolars during orthodontic treatments does not influence unerupted third molar angulation.
Maryam Poosti; Fariborz Amini; Alireza Darnahal; P. Mokhnefi
Abstract
Background and aim: The form of the facial skeleton and dental relationship is race specific, and estimating the cephalometric standards in each race is important. The purpose of this study was to determine the McNamara's Analysis standards in Iranian population and to compare them in Iranian men and ...
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Background and aim: The form of the facial skeleton and dental relationship is race specific, and estimating the cephalometric standards in each race is important. The purpose of this study was to determine the McNamara's Analysis standards in Iranian population and to compare them in Iranian men and women. Materials and Methods: In this Cross Sectional study cephalograms of 75 Iranian adults (18-35yrs) including 36 males and 39 females that represented Class I skeletal relationship, normal vertical pattern and space deficiency less than 3mm were selected Eleven indexes of McNamara Analysis were manually traced and analyzed. Mann-Whitney and Independent t-tests were used to compare values between males and females. Results: It was shown that there is significant difference in effective length of mid face, mandibular length and lower one third height between men and women (p<0.05). Our study findings was very similar to McNamara`s norms.Conclusion: Despite the larger jaw dimensions in Caucasian compared to Iranian ethnic group. McNamara analysis can be applied for Iranian population.
Dental Materials
Hooman Shafaee; Fahimeh Farzanegan; Mohammad Sadegh Nazari; Erfan Bardideh; Jalil Tavakkol Afshari; Fatemeh Azani
Abstract
Background: The aim of study was the biological assessment of cultured RAW264 macrophage exposed to nano amorphous calcium phosphate particles by analyzing of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity tests.Methods: Nanoamorphus Calcium Phosphate particles were produced by sol-gel method, then particle size and ...
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Background: The aim of study was the biological assessment of cultured RAW264 macrophage exposed to nano amorphous calcium phosphate particles by analyzing of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity tests.Methods: Nanoamorphus Calcium Phosphate particles were produced by sol-gel method, then particle size and hemogenicity was analyzed by XRD (X ray Diffraction). Cytotoxicity of nanoparticles was determinated with mouse RAW264 macrophage. The cells cultured in 37°c in DMEM medium 96 parts plates with concentration of 10000 cells in each part for 72 hours, then the medium removed and the second medium added to cells containing different concentrations of Nano particle (0, 200 and 400µg/ml). After 24 hours of incubation, MTT assay and Annexin V were used for assessing cell viability and apoptosis.Results: The apoptosis insignificantly increased in macrophages with 200 and 400µg/ml NACP and for cytotoxicity, cell viability for control, 200µg and 400µg groups were 100,107,103 percent.Discussion: NACP has no cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, so it can be used as non-toxic and beneficial material for clinical use.
Mohammad Husain Ahangar Atashi; Saber Seyyed Goganie
Abstract
Aim: corrosion of NiTi wires in the oral cavity has been a matter of discussion in some in-vitro studies but in-vivo tests about corrosion of NiTi wires have been rarely investigated. We designed an in-vivo study to evaluate corrosion behavior of retrieved NiTi wires compared with as-received wires. Methods: ...
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Aim: corrosion of NiTi wires in the oral cavity has been a matter of discussion in some in-vitro studies but in-vivo tests about corrosion of NiTi wires have been rarely investigated. We designed an in-vivo study to evaluate corrosion behavior of retrieved NiTi wires compared with as-received wires. Methods: Considering our criteria, 15 participants demanding orthodontic treatment entered the study, two NiTi SE(G&H) wires were inserted in bracket slots and band tubes and two passively in auxiliary tubes of molars. After 2 months wires were retrieved and were evaluated regarding clinical conditions (tarnish, deformation). Then potentiodynamic test performed on distal segment of 60 retrieved wires and Rp test (polarization resistance test) for all specimens including retrieved and as-received wires. Non parametric tests were used to compare retrieved and as-received wire groups.Results: Retrieved wires showed clinically and electrochemically significant corrosion compared with as-received wires (p<0.05). All retrieved wires showed signs of tarnish which was more in lower arch. Among all retrieved wires, 5 wires showed deformation, 3 from lower arch and 2 from upper arches. One of recent two wires belonged to not-engaged group.Conclusion: Despite of adequate corrosion resistance, NiTi wires, engaged or not engaged will corrode electrochemicallyin oral enviroment and should be noticed in clinical use.
Orthodontics
Mahdjoube Goldani Moghadam; hanieh kazemi; Mahdi Mohammadi
Abstract
Background: There is a continuous debate on the issue of comparison between extraction and non-extraction treatment results in terms of subsequent soft tissue changes for Class II division 1 patients. So far, however, far too little attention has been paid to photographic evaluation of treatment results.Aims: ...
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Background: There is a continuous debate on the issue of comparison between extraction and non-extraction treatment results in terms of subsequent soft tissue changes for Class II division 1 patients. So far, however, far too little attention has been paid to photographic evaluation of treatment results.Aims: The aim of this was to assess the impact of extraction and non-extraction treatment of Class II division 1malocclusion on soft tissue profile by means of pre- and post- treatment photographs.Materials and methods: The pre- and post- treatment profile photographs of 41 borderline Class II division 1malocclusion patients (ANB ≤5 degrees, and overjet ≤ 5 mm) were evaluated. The photographs were digitized into the computer and 19 angular measurements were evaluated. Paired t-tests and Independent-sample t-tests were performed to compare the pre- and post- treatment values between the extraction and non- extraction groups. The level of significance was set to be P < .05.Results: Significant differences between pre- and post- treatment values in extraction group existed for Z angle and N‑Sn‑Pog. In non- extraction group significant differences observed in N‑Pn‑Pog, G‑Sn‑Pog, N‑Sn‑Pog and N‑Sn‑B.When comparing the extraction and non-extraction groups before and after treatment the results showed that the only significant difference was in PFH/AFH proportion.Conclusions: The results of this study for both extraction and non- extraction group were straightening and improvement of soft tissue profile without significant impact on lips or nasolabial angle.
Abu-Hussein Muhamad
Abstract
The development of human dentition from adolescence to adulthood has been the subject of extensive stud by numerous dentists, orthodontists and other experts in the past. In recent years, substantial effort has been evident in the field of mathematical analysis of the dental arch curve, particularly ...
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The development of human dentition from adolescence to adulthood has been the subject of extensive stud by numerous dentists, orthodontists and other experts in the past. In recent years, substantial effort has been evident in the field of mathematical analysis of the dental arch curve, particularly of children from varied age groups and diverse ethnic and national origins. The proper care and development of the primary dentition into permanent dentition is of major importance and the dental arch curvature, whose study has been related intimately by a growing number of dentists and orthodontists to the prospective achievement of ideal occlusion and normal permanent dentition, has cluded a proper definition of form and shape. Authors have put forth mathematical models to describe the teeth arch curve in humans. Some have imagined it as a parabola, ellipse or conic while others have viewed die same as a cubic SP-Line. Still others have viewed the beta function as best describing the actual shape of the dental arch curve. Both finite mathematical functions as also polynomials ranging from 2nd to 6th order have been cited as appropriate definitions of the arch in various studies by eminent authors. Each model had advantages and disadvantages, but none could exactly define the shape of the human dental arch curvature and factor in its features like shape, spacing and symmetry/asymmetry, This paper presents key mathematical models and compares them through some secondary research study.
Orthodontics
Mahamad Irfanulla Khan; Praveen Kumar Neela; Ajit Kumar Jaiswal; Nayeem unnisa; Abhik Purkayastha; Amita Coutinho; Nadeem Ahmed
Abstract
Background: Fixed functional appliances used in the treatment of Class II malocclusion have the advantage of requiring minimal patient compliance, and they can be used simultaneously with fixed orthodontic appliances. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the treatment effects of the ...
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Background: Fixed functional appliances used in the treatment of Class II malocclusion have the advantage of requiring minimal patient compliance, and they can be used simultaneously with fixed orthodontic appliances. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the treatment effects of the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device (FFRD) in growing patients with Class II malocclusion. Methods: A total of 50 pre-treatment (T1) and post-treatment (T2) Lateral Cephalometric Radiographs (LCRs) of 25 patients treated with Forsus fatigue resistant device (mean age = 12 ± 0.54years) for the correction of skeletal class II malocclusion were compared with the 25 untreated class II control patients (mean age 12 ± 0.38 years) who did not undergo any treatment during this period. The skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes were evaluated using cephalometric measurements, and the treatment changes were analyzed by paired t-test. Results: The LCRs findings showed that the FFRD produced more dentoalveolar changes with less skeletal changes. The dentoalveolar changes in the FFRD group include significant reduction of overjet & overbite (p<0.001), retroclination of maxillary incisors (p<0.001), proclination and intrusion of the mandibular incisors (p<0.001) and mesialization of mandibular first molars (p<0.001). A significant improvement in the skeletal, dentoalveolar and soft tissue structures of the face was achieved in the FFRD group compared with the control group.Conclusion: The FFRD is effective in the treatment of Class II malocclusion. The Class II correction was achieved by a combination of skeletal and dentoalveolar effects, and wherein dentoalveolar changes were more predominant compared to the skeletal changes.
Orthodontics
Tarulatha R Shyagali; Shanya Kapoor; Abhishek Gupta
Abstract
Background: Addressing the challenges posed by the Congenitally Missing Maxillary Lateral Incisors (CMMLI) is not limited to single treatment modality.Objective: This systematic review is intended to evaluate the evidence for the best treatment option available for the CMMLI.Methods: Electronic data ...
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Background: Addressing the challenges posed by the Congenitally Missing Maxillary Lateral Incisors (CMMLI) is not limited to single treatment modality.Objective: This systematic review is intended to evaluate the evidence for the best treatment option available for the CMMLI.Methods: Electronic data base search was done across PubMed, Google scholar, Embase, Publons, Web of Sciences, etc. Selection of articles was limited to English language publications pertaining to CMMLI treatment modalities either by closing the space orthodontically and substituting canine or by prosthetic replacement. Two authors reviewed the articles for the eligibility criteria to overcome the selection bias. The risk for assessment of bias across and within the studies was done through Cochrane ROBINS-I assessment tool.Results: Out of 130 studies which were searched for review questions, only 3 studies met the selection criteria. There was no difference in the periodontal status evaluation or in the patient’s perception of aesthetics between the two treatment modalities. Neither of the two treatment modalities cause any TMJ abnormalities.Conclusion: Both closing the space orthodontically by substituting canine and prosthetic replacement by the use of implant for the missing maxillary lateral incisor seem to be viable treatment plans.
Orthodontics
Mahdjoube Goldani Moghadam; Hanieh kazemi; Abouzar Shakeri
Abstract
Background: Oral health literacy (OHL) is one of the most important determinants of oral health. A missed appointment has many potential implications for oral health and treatment outcomes. Given the importance of the topic in community oral health programming, the purpose of this study was to examine ...
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Background: Oral health literacy (OHL) is one of the most important determinants of oral health. A missed appointment has many potential implications for oral health and treatment outcomes. Given the importance of the topic in community oral health programming, the purpose of this study was to examine the association between oral health literacy, missed appointments, and DMFT in adults attending the orthodontic clinic of Birjand.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 172 adults who were randomly referred to Birjand orthodontic clinic. Health literacy was assessed using the questionnaire OHL-AQ. In addition, missed appointments were reviewed over a one-year period. DMF index was also calculated using the patient's first panoramic radiograph. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 18. A significant level (p = 0.05) was considered.Results: This study was conducted on 172 patients referred to the orthodontic clinic, with a mean age of 24,64.9 years, a minimum age of 18 and a maximum age of 42 years. The oral health literacy of the participants was 12.23.2 There was no significant association between oral health literacy and gender, missed appointments, and DMFT index (P > 0.05), but education was an effective factor for the level of oral health literacy (P < 0.002).Conclusion: The study found adequate OHL, which could be due to a high level of education. However, health policy makers should devise programs to promote oral health in the community. Oral health literacy was not influenced by gender, absenteeism and DMFT, but education was a factor that influenced the level of oral health literacy.
Dental Materials
Neha Kaswan; Preeti Munjal; Puja Khanna; Sunny Mittal; Nishtha Arora; Sumit Chhabra
Abstract
Background: The objective of present study was to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the surface irregularities produced by three different methods of IPR followed by polishing and sealant application, using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Profilometer.Methods: The study sample comprised ...
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Background: The objective of present study was to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the surface irregularities produced by three different methods of IPR followed by polishing and sealant application, using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Profilometer.Methods: The study sample comprised of 100 extracted permanent maxillary 1st premolar teeth divided into 10 groups with 1 control group and 9 experimental groups according to the stripping method employed (hand-pulled abrasive strips, air rotor stripping and IPR file system) and subsequent finishing procedures (sealant application and polishing strips). The statistically significant intergroup comparison for the difference of mean scores between independent groups and difference among groups was determined by t test, one-way analyses of variance (Anova) and Tukey HSD Post Hoc test at level of significance set at 5%. or p < 0.05.Results: Surface roughness value (Ra) obtained using Profilometer and SEM images at 500x and 1500x magnification of IPR using diamond burs followed by sealant application (Group 7) had reasonably smooth surface. IPR File System when used with non-possibility of carrying out any adjunct finishing procedures (Group 4), disturbed the enamel surface to the least.Conclusion: Finishing procedures used post IPR gave smoother enamel surfaces making it necessary for reduction of number and depth of grooves created by IPR. Best combination which produced minimal enamel surface roughness post IPR in present study was diamond burs followed by sealant application.
Orthodontics
Ladan Eslamian; Zahra Madani; Nastaran Fahiminejad
Abstract
Aim: There is a controversy about the relationship between familial history, orthodontic treatment and the onset or intensification of Temporomandibular disorders (TMD). According to high prevalence of TMD and the importance of its diagnosis as well as the lack of enough information in determining the ...
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Aim: There is a controversy about the relationship between familial history, orthodontic treatment and the onset or intensification of Temporomandibular disorders (TMD). According to high prevalence of TMD and the importance of its diagnosis as well as the lack of enough information in determining the role of the familial traits in the inheritance of TMD symptoms, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between familial history and TMD by considering the orthodontic treatment. Material and Method: The present case-control study was performed on 170 patients, aged over 14 years, referring to Shahid Beheshti Dental School and a private clinic. Patients with a history of head and neck trauma, history of orthognathic surgery, and systemic diseases were excluded.Results: The prevalence of TMD was 47.1% and the most detected sign was clicking. The prevalence of TMD in patients with orthodontic treatment was 56.6%, in patients with familial history was 60% and in patients with both orthodontic treatment and familial history was 63.6%. TMD had higher prevalence in the age over 26, in women, increased over bite and in patients who had parafunctional habits. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that the prevalence of TMD in patients with familial history was higher than those with no family history. Thus, orthodontic treatment should be considered an important environmental factor and family history as a risk factor for TMD in our treatments.
Orthodontics
Foroozan Farahbod; Sepideh Dadgar; Farhad Sobouti; Ali Malekzadeh Shafaroudi; Sajad Yousefi; Ali Nowruzy
Abstract
Background: Superimposition of left and right structures is an issue in lateral cephalometric radiographs in dentistry, making it challenging to measure structures, including the gonial angle. Panoramic radiography contains fewer superimposing structures; therefore, it could measure the gonial angle. ...
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Background: Superimposition of left and right structures is an issue in lateral cephalometric radiographs in dentistry, making it challenging to measure structures, including the gonial angle. Panoramic radiography contains fewer superimposing structures; therefore, it could measure the gonial angle. This study aimed to compare the gonial angle in panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs in different skeletal patterns.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 240 panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs were collected from the archives of Sari Dental School. The gonial angle of each radiograph was traced and measured with a conveyor. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA and paired t-test, and P-value <0.05 were considered significant.Results: The paired t-test of the gonial angle did not show a statistically significant difference between different skeletal groups when measured using panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs. According to the results, the p-value of the difference between the right and left gonial angles in skeletal class III patients (p=0.019) was obtained larger than the test level (p=0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a statistically significant difference between the size of the left and right gonial angles in panoramic radiographs of skeletal class III patients. Conclusion: Panoramic radiography can be an accurate alternative to lateral cephalometric radiographs for measuring the gonial angle in different skeletal patterns due to the lower radiation it exposes to the patient.
Cleft Lip and Palate
Arezoo Jahanbin; Farzaneh Lal Alizadeh; Zeinab Ghasemi; Mohammad Reza Fayyazi Bordbar; Reza Shojaeian
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to compare the quality of life of mothers with children born with cleft lip and palate versus mothers with normal children.Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study (descriptive-analytical), 23 mothers of 1 to 3 months old infants with non-syndromic unilateral ...
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Objective: This study aimed to compare the quality of life of mothers with children born with cleft lip and palate versus mothers with normal children.Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study (descriptive-analytical), 23 mothers of 1 to 3 months old infants with non-syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate as well as 23 mothers of normal, non-cleft infants as control group were assessed through the standard quality of life SF-36 questionnaire. Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS software (version 16).Descriptive statistical analysis (mean, percentage, and standard deviation) and analytical statistical test (independent t-test) were used. (P-value <0.05 was considered as significant.)Results: Present study showed the average quality of life score of mothers of infants with non-syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate was 64.49. Also, the average quality of life score in the control group was 67.06. The mean quality of life of the two groups did not have any statistically significant differences (P =0.597).Also, there was no significant difference between the mothers of affected infants and the control group in eight scopes of the questionnaire including general health, physical function, limitation of role play due to physical reasons, limitation of role play for emotional reasons, social function, physical pain, fatigue or cheerfulness, and mental health (P >0.05). Moreover, both groups had a weak level in terms of role limitation due to physical reasons.Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, both groups did not show a high level of quality of life. Awareness of this issue can guide to providing the necessary social support for all mothers with newborn infants, especially mothers of infants with congenital anomalies such as cleft lip and palate.
Orthodontics
Behnaz Karimzadeh; Tannaz Abdollahzadeh; Ali Eidi; Mojgan Kachoei
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine Bolton ratios in the Iranian orthodontically treated population of different malocclusions and compare these values among malocclusion groups and with Bolton reference values.Methods: Bolton ratios of 210 subjects were investigated in three groups of ...
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Objective: The aim of this study was to determine Bolton ratios in the Iranian orthodontically treated population of different malocclusions and compare these values among malocclusion groups and with Bolton reference values.Methods: Bolton ratios of 210 subjects were investigated in three groups of Class I, II, and III skeletal patterns. The measurement of mesiodistal width of teeth was made on post-treatment dental models using a digital caliper. One-way analysis of variance and one-sample t-test were used to compare obtained anterior values and overall ratios among studied groups and with reference values, respectively. P-value<0.05 was considered as significant.Results: The mean values of anterior ratio in total subjects were 76.77, and in the Class I skeletal pattern group was 76.51, which were significantly different from the reference value (p-value < 0.05). However, the differences in the mean anterior ratios of Class II and III groups and the mean overall ratios of three studied groups with reference values were not statistically significant. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the anterior and overall Bolton ratios of the three studied groups (p-value>0.05).Conclusion: Since the obtained Bolton ratios in Class II and III groups were not significantly different from reference values, these values are also applicable for mild skeletal malocclusions. However, the difference in mean anterior ratios of the total 210 subjects and Class I group with Bolton reference values could be caused by racial differences or several factors related to orthodontic treatment, which can be investigated in subsequent studies.
