Iranian Association of OrthodontistsIranian Journal of Orthodontics1735-508710120150601Appraising Lower Incisor to Mandibular Plane Angle in Different Facial and Sympheal Morphology1324566910.17795/ijo-4861ENSidra ButtDepartment of Orthodontics, Dr Ishrat Ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, DUHS, Sindh, PakistanImtiaz AhmedDepartment of Orthodontics, Dr Ishrat Ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, DUHS, Sindh, PakistanJournal Article19700101<strong>Background:</strong> In orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning assessment of an individual’s facial skeletal pattern in vertical, sagittal and transverse direction is prevalent. Dental compensation is the reverse of skeletal disharmony.
<strong>Objectives:</strong> This study has correlated the position of mandibular incisors inclination with different facial types and with the mandibular symphyseal morphology.
<strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> The sample consisted of 100 Pakistani patients of two different age groups i.e. adolescents up to 12 years and audlts up to 22 years on which R–angle, Li–MP, B–MP, Li–MP, symphyseal width (W) and depth (D) were measured.
<strong>Results:</strong> No correlation was found between Li–MP and R–angle, B–MP, Li–MP, and W except with the D i.e. symphyseal depth.
<strong>Conclusions:</strong> No significant association observed between lower incisor inclination, different facial types, and symphyseal morphology except with the depth of the symphysis. Slight correlation of differential jaw growth and dental changes with age are coincidental events with no relationship.Iranian Association of OrthodontistsIranian Journal of Orthodontics1735-508710120150601Comparison Between Digital and Ordinary Methods in Analyzing Cephalometric Radiographic Images1524567010.17795/ijo-4862ENMehrdad Panj NoushDepartment of Radiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR IranMasomeh EsmailyDepartment of Orthodontics, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IR Iran0000-0003-3785-4192Journal Article19700101<strong>Background:</strong> Diagnosis and treatment planning in orthodontic and orthognathic surgery is greatly related to the results of cephalometric analysis report. Manual analysis is time taking and if the precision and accuracy of this technique can be achieved by digital method, time is saved considerably. On the other hand digital programs have fewer errors compared to manual methods done by human. Any mistake in the process of analysis can lead to wrong diagnosis and treatment planning and finally treatment failure.
<strong>Objectives:</strong> The main aim of this study was to compare the linear and angular measures between the two methods, digital and manual. No significant difference between these measures in the two methods will result in that digital method can be used instead of manual in order to save time.
<strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> This study was conducted on 40 cephalometric images taken from a radiology clinic. The samples were analyzed by computer after determining key points. Romexis® (planmeca Romexis® cephalometric analysis) software was used for computer analysis. The samples were then printed and analyzed manually. At last all the measures obtained from 11 different landmarks by two observers were compared by interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for reliability.
<strong>Results:</strong> The results of this study showed that the obtained data was 100 percent reliable. On the other hand no significant difference was observed in each of the evaluated landmarks between two methods.
<strong>Conclusions:</strong> It seems that cephalometric analysis software is not only reliable but also saves time and reduces manual analysis errors.Iranian Association of OrthodontistsIranian Journal of Orthodontics1735-508710120150601Evaluation of Nickel and Chromium Ion Release from Stainless Steel, HANT and NiTi Arch Wires in Two 28-day Time Spans1424567110.17795/ijo-4863ENSepideh ArabDepartment Of Orthodontics, Dental Caries Prevention Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IR IranMina Hormozdiari ChamPrivate Practice, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IR IranMarzieh MorsaghianDepartment of Orthodontics, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IR IranMaryam GhamariDepartment Of Orthodontics, Dental Caries Prevention Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IR IranOmid MortezaiDepartment Of Orthodontics, Dental Caries Prevention Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IR IranJournal Article19700101<strong>Background:</strong> Stainless steel and Nickel Chromium alloys show special mechanical features, which has made them the most common materials for fabrication of orthodontic arch wires.
<strong>Objectives:</strong> The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of length of immersion and type of arch wire on release of nickel and chromium ions from fixed orthodontic appliances.
<strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> 15 simulated half-arch maxillary fixed orthodontic appliances were divided into 3 groups according to the types of arch wires. Each sample was individually immersed in 50 ml of distilled water and incubated at 37ºC for 28 days. Afterwards, solutions were sent to laboratory for investigation of the released ions and the samples were incubated for another 28 days in new distilled water. After each 28-day time span, the concentrations of nickel and chromium were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. T-test was used for statistical analysis and P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
<strong>Results:</strong> Stainless steel arch wires released the greatest amount of nickel and chromium ions at both 28 days periods. The lowest amount of nickel and chromium in both time spans was released from NiTi and HANT arch wires, respectively Nickel ion release decreased overtime while the chromium release increased.
<strong>Conclusions:</strong> The amounts of released nickel and chromium ions from fixed orthodontic appliances from all three types of evaluated arch wires were below the daily dietary intake of these ions and do not bring about biological concerns.Iranian Association of OrthodontistsIranian Journal of Orthodontics1735-508710120150601Analyzing Facial Esthetic and Divine Proportion From Orthodontics Perspective1424567210.17795/ijo-4928ENYasamin Farajzadeh JalaliDepartment of Orthodontics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR IranMaryam NasiriDepartment of Orthodontics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR IranFarnaz JabbariBurke Cosmetic and General Dentistry, School of Dentistry, D.D.S, Virginia, USAJournal Article19700101<strong>Background:</strong> Achieving esthetics is the most important objective of the modern orthodontics. The introduction of a standard, called the divine proportion for the evaluation of a profile, can lead orthodontic, orthopedic and surgical treatment to obtain maximum facial beauty.
<strong>Objectives:</strong> The aim of this study is to analyze the divine proportion in the face of Iranian normal females and the ability of that using as a standard and index to analyze harmony in patient’s face before and after orthodontic treatment along with other common cephalometric analyses.
<strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> The selected samples included twenty 19 - 26 years old females. Full-face and profile photography and lateral cephalometric radiography were taken; initially the cephalometric radiography were used for conducting common cephalometric analyses in order to compare them with the results gained from the divine proportion measurements. Seven ratios in photography and twelve ratios in radiography calculated. Radiographic and photographic data were analyzed separately using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and one-sample t-test and compared with 1.618 (golden ratio).
<strong>Results:</strong> The average values vary from 1.4 to 1.7; the ratio R11 with the average value of 1.613 was the closest value to 1.618. Three cephalometric variables (R3, R8, R12) and two photographic ones (R6 and R7) had a significant difference with 1.618.
<strong>Conclusions:</strong> The divine proportion on the soft ratio can be a good standard to assess an orthodontic treatment. Divine proportion covers a wide domain and there is a long way ahead of these studies; so it can be extended even more in future.Iranian Association of OrthodontistsIranian Journal of Orthodontics1735-508710120150601Treatment of Hemifacial Microsomia: A Case Report24567310.17795/ijo-4931ENMohsen ShiraziDepartment of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR IranElahe Soltanmohamadi BorujeniDepartment of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR IranHoma FarhadifardDepartment of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR IranJournal Article19700101<strong>Introduction:</strong> Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is a branchial arch syndrome and the second most common craniofacial birth defect after cleft lip and palate. This syndrome involves the facial skeleton and ear. The most important goal in treatment of HFM is to improve facial symmetry. Traditionally, segment repositioning and costochondral graft were used for the correction of mandibular asymmetry but recently distraction osteogenesis has been used for it.
<strong>Case Presentation:</strong> In this article an 8-year-old boy with HFM is presented. He was treated with functional appliance for one year and then at 9 years age distraction osteogenesis was performed for him and at the age of 18, maxillary impaction (right side: 3mm, left side: 13 mm), BSSO of mandible and reduction genioplasty were done for the functional and esthetic reconstruction of the face.
<strong>Conclusions:</strong> Satisfactory results were obtained in the patient.Iranian Association of OrthodontistsIranian Journal of Orthodontics1735-508710120150601Measurement of Deciduous Teeth Size in Selected Sample of Iranian Population1524567410.17795/ijo-4979ENBahman SerajDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR IranMandana TosifianTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR IranSara GhadimiDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR IranMohammad Javad KharrazifardDental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR IranJournal Article19700101<strong>Background:</strong> Tooth size is an important factor that affects alignment of the teeth in the dental arch and occlusion development during dentition transition.
<strong>Objectives:</strong> This study was carried out to measure mesiodistal dimensions of primary teeth to provide standard for the tooth size. Knowledge of such a standard of tooth size is significant for a better analysis of the space and more appropriate planning of orthodontic treatments.
<strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> The current study was conducted on 32 children, aged 5.5 - 6.5 years, in late primary dentition. The dental casts were prepared and the tooth size was measured by a digital caliper. The obtained data were analyzed by ANOVA and t-test.
<strong>Results:</strong> The mesiodistal width of primary central incisor in the upper left quadrant was larger than those of the rest of quadrants. Also, the mesiodistal widths of primary lateral incisors in the upper left quadrant, primary canines in the upper left quadrant, primary fist molars in the lower right quadrant and primary second molars in the lower left quadrant were larger than those of the other quadrants. Moreover, it was concluded that the mesiodistal diameter of permanent central incisors could be obtained according to the primary central incisors using the formula: 1.12 × (Deciduous central incisor width) + 1.27 = (Permanent central incisor width).
<strong>Conclusions:</strong> The findings of this study can be used as a base and standard for the measurement of primary dentition in Iranian children. Also, measurement of mesiodistal width of deciduous central incisors can be used to predict the mesiodistal width of permanent central incisors.Iranian Association of OrthodontistsIranian Journal of Orthodontics1735-508710120150601Differential Diagnosis and Treatment Approaches of Hemifacial Microsomia: A Review1924567510.17795/ijo.4994ENTahereh Hosseinzadeh NikDepartment of Orthodontics and Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR IranFatemeh GorjizadehOrthodontic Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR IranJournal Article19700101Hemifacial macrosomia (HFM) is the second most common facial congenital anomaly. Deficiency of hard and soft tissue on one side of the face is its obvious clinical finding, which can cause facial asymmetry. Hemifacial microsomia is described in three grades of severity, although grade II has two subgroups (mild and severe). Many anomalies can be misdiagnosed with different grades of Hemifacial microsomia, e.g. Treacher Collins syndrome, traumatic postnatal deformity, Goldenhar syndrome, hemi mandibular elongation, Parry-Romberg syndrome, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, Nager acrofacial dysostosis syndrome, post axial acrofacial dysostosis, muscle dysfunction, branchio-oto-renal syndrome and Maxillofacial dysostosis. The first step to treating patients with HFM, is an accurate diagnosis. Decision making for treatment planning of patients with HFM, is highly dependent on the severity of the deformity and patients age. In mild grades of the anomaly, functional therapy can improve facial and occlusal symmetry when they are young, but in more severe grades, imposition of orthopedic treatment, may be undesirable and waste of time. Early surgical interventions to encourage the growth in the affected condyle may be helpful in severe cases; however, consultation with the surgeon is advised to determine the patients who need early surgery. Distraction osteogenesis is a controversial treatment modality, which still needs more long-term studies.Iranian Association of OrthodontistsIranian Journal of Orthodontics1735-508710120150601Influence of Social Responsibility Perception on Orthodontic Clinics Clients’ Satisfaction1524567610.17795/ijo-5039ENAzade FatemifarMBA, Payame Noor University, Tehran, IR IranMasoumeh RahimzadehMBA, Payame Noor University, Tehran, IR IranJournal Article19700101<strong>Background:</strong> This paper examine the role that social responsibility can play in advancing orthodontic clinics’ management. Social responsibility is a valuable potential area of strategic development that causes consumer’s positive perception toward service providers.
<strong>Objectives:</strong> The study also sought to determine the role of social responsibility and trust in strengthening of customer satisfaction. Lack of previous studies caused researcher to analyze the effect of corporate social responsibility on customer trust and satisfaction toward orthodontic clinics in this way.
<strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> The cause and effect relationship between tree variables were analyzed including social responsibility, trust, customer satisfaction. Having 4 hypotheses. To test the hypotheses the personal questionnaire was used and data from 405 individuals who were the clients of orthodontic clinic in Iran, were collected. Using randomly sampling method and analyzed by statistical instruments. The descriptive statistics was performed using SPSS software and referential statistics was conducted using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation models was done using AMOS software.
<strong>Results:</strong> Results showed that the positive and significant relationship between social responsibility trust, and also relationship between customer satisfaction and trust were supported. The relationship between corporate social responsibility and customer satisfaction was rejected. Nevertheless, the indirect effect of social responsibility on customer satisfaction was approved.
<strong>Conclusions:</strong> The results also support that customer trust is the most important attribute in the context of services. In the other word it is trust of clients that lead to client satisfaction.