Iranian Association of OrthodontistsIranian Journal of Orthodontics1735-508717120220601“Does Oronasal Administration of Antiseptic Agents Affect on Viral Load in COVID 19 Orthodontic Patients?”: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis11224972510.22034/ijo.2022.545636.1023ENArezoo JahanbinProfessor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranMostafa EntezariResident, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranErfan BardidehOrthodontist0000-0003-3285-5436Journal Article20211226<strong>Aim:</strong> Droplets and aerosols are the main source of transmission and rapid spread of COVID-19 worldwide. Topical mouthwashes and oronasal irrigation are recommended as ways of preventing airborne transmission to health care professionals. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the changes of COVID 19 viral load after administration of different mouthwashes.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> An electronic search was undertaken including the following databases: Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase. Search for grey literature, and hand search for relevant studies was also performed. The quality of included randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were assessed using the Cochrane Collaborations. Afterward, the relevant data from the included studies was extracted. Inverse-variance random-effects meta-analysis was performed to compare the effects of different types of mouthwashes on COVID viral presence.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> After screening 1437 studies, 10 randomized clinical trials were finally selected. A total of 884 patients were assessed in these studies. The meta-analysis revealed the Cyclic Threshold (CT) values increased after the use of mouthwashes (MD=2.00, 95%CI= 0.51, 3.49, P<0.05). Considering the CT values are inversely correlated to the viral load, the result means the use of mouthwashes decreases the viral load in the saliva. This study also showed that increase of CT values was statistically significant for Povidone Iodine mouthwash (MD=4.08, 95%CI= 0.13, 8.02, P<0.05); however, Cetylpyridinium Chloride and Chlorhexidine Gluconate mouthwashes non-significantly (P value>0.05) reduced viral load in the saliva of patients with COVID 19.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> According to the result of this study, the use of mouthwashes reduces the viral load of saliva in patients with COVID 19. In addition to basic precautions for preventing the transmission of COVID 19, using mouthwashes may be a reasonable way to decrease the risk of disease transmission to medical staff.https://www.ijorth.com/article_249725_0a0b82cdfb74b3983e3589b91f97ba72.pdfIranian Association of OrthodontistsIranian Journal of Orthodontics1735-508717120220601Effect of Altered Calcium Metabolism on Orthodontic Tooth Movement: a Systematic Review11225174110.22034/ijo.2022.549955.1051ENPasupureddi KeerthanaDepartment of Orthodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, KNR University, Secunderabad, Telangana, India0000-0003-4259-2633Meghna MukhopadhyayDepartment of Orthodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, KNR University, Secunderabad, Telangana, India0000-0003-4259-2633Shubhnita VermaDepartment of Orthodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, KNR University, Secunderabad, Telangana, India0000-0003-2900-7241Prasad ChitraProfessor and Head
Department of Orthodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences
Secunderabad
India0000-0002-7371-0738Journal Article20220304<strong>Aim</strong>: The aim of this study was to analyze and synthesize data from animal research on the impact of hormones and their synthetic derivatives on orthodontic tooth movement by altering calcium metabolism.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Eight databases were scanned electronically, followed by a manual search, until 27 February 2022. Animal experiments were chosen with control groups exploring the impact on orthodontic tooth movement with calcitonin, calcium, parathyroid hormone, teriparatide, and vitamin D. The reporting quality of primary studies was assessed using the CAMARADES tool. Data was collected from related studies and SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool was utilized to determine risk of bias.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: Of the 2388 documents obtained in the search, 11 studies were included. The amount of orthodontic tooth movement reduced with the administration of calcitonin and calcium. However, with parathyroid hormone, teriparatide, and vitamin D, acceleration of tooth movement was noted. The results were statistically significant omitting three studies that assessed orthodontic tooth movement with calcium, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone. Root resorption increased with calcium, vitamin D, PGE2, and a dose-dependent decrease was seen in higher doses of calcitonin. Bone mineral density improved with increased parathyroid hormone levels.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Vitamin D, their synthetic derivatives, and parathyroid hormone were found to increase orthodontic tooth movement. Calcitonin showed a dose dependent reduction in orthodontic tooth movement.https://www.ijorth.com/article_251741_20a250eb668522a269fabce0dc0e6bdc.pdfIranian Association of OrthodontistsIranian Journal of Orthodontics1735-508717120220601The Effects of Pre-Procedural Mouth Rinses on Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets: an in-Vitro Comparative Study1525174010.22034/ijo.2022.549821.1048ENSomasundara RamadeviPost Graduate Student, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, The Oxford Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, IndiaAnjith ShirleyGladstonePost Graduate Student, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, The Oxford Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, IndiaSarala Manjappa LaxmikanthProfessor and Head, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, The Oxford Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India0009-0007-8290-8918Chunduri RaghunandanProfessor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, The Oxford Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India0009-0001-3091-7886Jairaj VaniAssociate Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, The Oxford Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, IndiaShrikanth ShendreProfessor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, The Oxford Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, IndiaKhan Mahamad IrfanullaAssociate Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, The Oxford Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India0000-0003-0164-8143Maqbool Sameena BegumAssociate Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, The Oxford Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India0009-0000-6564-6441Riyaz KhadeerAssociate Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, The Oxford Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India0000-0002-0566-7117Journal Article20220302<strong>Aim</strong>: The use of pre-procedural mouth rinse for prevention of COVID-19 can reduce viral load but can alter the bond strength. The purpose of this study was to determine any correlation between the use of these pre-procedural mouth rinse and the shear-bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Thirty-three maxillary premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes were used. The buccal surfaces of all teeth were bonded with orthodontic brackets. Later, each tooth was embedded into acrylic resin and stored in distilled water. Teeth were randomly divided into three groups (group I: hydrogen peroxide mouth rinse, group II: povidone-iodine mouth rinse, and group III: artificial saliva), and stored in each solution for 12 hours. Later, each tooth was subjected to SBS testing using a universal testing machine. Data were statistically evaluated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc test (Tukey’s HSD) with a significance of p< 0.05.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: The highest mean SBS was observed in the artificial saliva (control group), followed by the povidone-iodine and hydrogen peroxide groups.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Hydrogen peroxide mouth rinses should not be used during fixed orthodontic treatment because it alters bond strength.https://www.ijorth.com/article_251740_ec5c74394871ea347103a78a7fcdea55.pdfIranian Association of OrthodontistsIranian Journal of Orthodontics1735-508717120220601Effect of Er: YAG Laser Enamel-etching and Sandblasting on the Bond Strength of Fixed Lingual Retainers1925174210.22034/ijo.2022.549945.1050ENMahdjoube Goldani MoghadamAssistant Professor of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran0000-0003-4863-7011Hanieh KazemiPost Graduate Student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-4563-3747Mohadese Bani AsadiPost Graduate Student, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranJournal Article20220303<strong>Aim</strong>: This study aims to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of different combinations of retainer wires and enamel preparation methods.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: A total of 180 extracted mandibular bovine incisors were randomly divided into nine groups of 20 paired teeth each. Three techniques were employed to prepare the enamel: acid etches only, Er:YAG laser before acid etch, and sandblast before acid etch. The retainer wires, including Bond-A-Braid, GAC Wildcat Twistflex Wire, and TruForce coaxial wire, were bonded with the adhesive Transbond LR and SBS values were measured. The two-way ANOVA test was used to evaluate the effect of the conditioning method in combination with the retainer wire type and the interaction of two variables. Pairwise comparisons were done using the Tukey post hoc test. A value of P≤0.05 was considered to be significant for all statistical tests.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: The highest shear bond strength value was found for sandblasted surface bonded with Bond-A-Braid wire. The combination of acid-etched enamel/GAC Wildcat Twistflex wire revealed the lowest value of the SBS. Statistically significant differences did not exist for the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) scores among the study groups.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Sandblasting and laser irradiation before the acid etching significantly increased the SBS. Differences in the SBS values of different wires were insignificant.https://www.ijorth.com/article_251742_285d16a11da1b2983b17c45f8256165d.pdfIranian Association of OrthodontistsIranian Journal of Orthodontics1735-508717120220601Is Lateral Incisor Agenesis Associated with an Increased Occurrence of Tooth Agenesis Outside of the Cleft Region in Complete Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients?1525205310.22034/ijo.2022.550892.1058ENDaniela GaribAssociate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School and Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, BrazilRaquel Silva PolettoPhD Student, Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, BrazilThagid Yasmin LealAlmeidaGraduate Student, Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil0000-0003-0035-1313Silvia Maria GraziadeiOrthodontist, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, BrazilGuilherme JansonProfessor and Head Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil (in memoriam)Journal Article20220322<strong>Aim</strong>: This study compared the prevalence of tooth agenesis out of the cleft area in patients with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) with and without agenesis of maxillary permanent lateral incisors.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Tooth agenesis was evaluated in panoramic radiographs taken between 7 and 11 years of age. Intergroup comparison of tooth agenesis frequency was performed using the chi-square test (P<0.05) and the odds ratio. A sample of 130 patients (87 male, 43 female) with non-syndromic bilateral cleft lip and palate was selected. Group P (n = 44) consisted of individuals with the presence of maxillary lateral incisors on the right and left sides; group UA (n = 40) comprised patients with unilateral agenesis of lateral incisors; group BA (n = 46) comprised patients with bilateral agenesis of lateral incisors. Intergroup comparison for frequency of tooth agenesis outside the cleft area was performed using Chi-square test (p-value <0.05 was considered significant) and the odds ratio (p<0.016).<br /><strong>Results</strong>: The prevalence of dental agenesis out of the cleft area in groups P, UA, and BA was 31.8%, 32.5%, and 60.8%, respectively. Group BA showed a significantly greater prevalence of tooth agenesis compared with the UA and P groups. There was no significant difference in the odds ratio between any groups. The most common absent teeth were the maxillary second premolars followed by the mandibular second premolars for all groups.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Patients with BCLP and bilateral agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors show an increased prevalence of other permanent teeth. This association demonstrates a genetic background of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis at the cleft area.https://www.ijorth.com/article_252053_bbab53750faa0ea816c90c11a45f7c95.pdfIranian Association of OrthodontistsIranian Journal of Orthodontics1735-508717120220601Comparing the Accuracy of Dental Measurements – Digital vs Manual: an In-Vivo Study1625173410.22034/ijo.2022.548164.1031ENHiral ThakkarPrivate Practice, Gujarat, India000000018894664XBrijesh PrajapatiPrivate Practice, Gujarat, IndiaAnar GAndaniPrivate Practice, Gujarat, India0000000305248331Arth PatelProfessor of Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics , Ahmedabad Dental College and Hospital, Gujarat, IndiaBhavya TrivediProfessor of Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics , Ahmedabad Dental College and Hospital, Gujarat, IndiaSonali MahadeviaProfessor of Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics , Ahmedabad Dental College and Hospital, Gujarat, IndiaJournal Article20220203<strong>Aim</strong>: The purpose of this in-vivo study is to determine and compare the accuracy of dental measurements calculated on physical and digital models with the measurements taken directly from the patients’ mouth.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: This study was performed on 40 subjects. Forty maxillary impressions were produced using a condensation silicone putty material and constructed into a physical model. A digital vernier caliper was utilized to take direct measurements from the patients’ mouth as well as from the physical models. CS 3600® was employed for direct intra-oral scanning for the subjects’ dentition and generating the digital model. Three-dimensional reverse engineering software was used to make measurements on the digital model. One-way ANOVA test was used to determine the accuracy between the control group, physical models, and virtual group. Tukey’s post-hoc analysis was done to compare between the individual group.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: There were no statistically significant differences between the physical (p-value=0.254) and virtual models (p-value = 0.168) as compared to those measurements taken directly from the mouth.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The results of the current study demonstrate that intraoral scans are clinically sound to be used in diagnosis and treatment planning in dentistry and provide a professional and well-grounded substitute to the use of conventional plaster models.https://www.ijorth.com/article_251734_9f52b0dedc7f8a1792d7595495912bbf.pdfIranian Association of OrthodontistsIranian Journal of Orthodontics1735-508717120220601Lateral Cephalogram from CBCT Reliable Approach for Orthodontic Diagnosis: - a Comparative Study1725173810.22034/ijo.2022.548606.1037ENMahesh JainDepartment of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics AMC Dental College and Hospital, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India0000-0001-6744-0324Dolly PatelDepartment of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics AMC Dental College and Hospital, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, IndiaJournal Article20220210<strong>Aim</strong>: With the increased use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, validation of using radiographic images obtained from CBCT instead of multiple conventional radiographs is needed. Hence, the present study was designed to assess the differences between cephalometric measurements taken from manual tracings (MT), digitized lateral cephalograms (DLC) and CBCT lateral cephalograms scans<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Conventional lateral cephalograms and CBCT scans from ten subjects from departmental archives were used to assess the three methods: manual tracings, digitized lateral cephalograms, and CBCT lateral cephalograms. Seventeen measurements were evaluated and retraced after a 7-day period. The intra examiner errors was assessed using the paired t test and Dahlberg formula. The Pearson correlation test and ANOVA test evaluated the differences between the methods.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: Most of the measurements had intra-examiner reliability in all three methods. Measurements were significant among methods were Y-axis, U1-Apog (degree and mm), U1-NA, L1-NB (degree and mm), L1-Apog, and interincisal angle.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: All three methods proved to be reliable and reproducible with minimum error in the measurement of lateral cephalograms. The CBCT scan, advised for complex cases, can be used to generate lateral cephalogram images, which may reduce the need for multiple radiographs, thereby reducing radiation exposure and cost.https://www.ijorth.com/article_251738_4ac4520cd44a6fc404ec14f86d84ed40.pdfIranian Association of OrthodontistsIranian Journal of Orthodontics1735-508717120220601Finite Element Analysis and in Vivo Evaluation of En-Masse Retraction of Maxillary Anterior Teeth Using Palatal TADs and a Clear Appliance1825173610.22034/ijo.2022.547879.1028ENPrerna PahujaBDS, MDS, Private practitioner, New Delhi, IndiaDivya YadavBDS, MDS, Private practitioner, New Delhi, IndiaHarshita GuptaBDS, Post Graduate Resident, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India, 121002.Gurkeerat SinghBDS, MDS, M Orth Diplomat, Indian Board of Orthodontics (IBO), Vice Principal, Professor and Head, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India, 1210020000-0002-3254-3312Monika DahiyaBDS, MDS, Private Practitioner, Gurugram, Haryana, IndiaArisha IzharBDS, MDS, Research Associate, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Milia Islamia, New Delhi, India, 110025Akanksha ShuklaBDS, MDS, Senior Lecturer, Department of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopaedics, Manav Rachna Dental College, Faridabad, Haryana, India, 121004Deepali BishtBDS, MDS, Private Practitioner, Dehradun, IndiaJournal Article20220130<strong>Aim</strong>: Among various retraction methods for space closure in first premolar extraction, the palatal approach is preferred to labial appliances in cases having high aesthetic demand. A finite element model and clinical randomized prospective trial was undertaken to determine the possibility of en-masse retraction of maxillary anterior teeth using palatal TAD and a clear aligner-like appliance in patients undergoing extraction of maxillary first premolars and to study the effects of the above using three-dimensional scanned models and lateral cephalograms.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: A finite element model of maxillary dentition with alveolar bone, an acrylic splint on six anterior teeth, palatal implants, and short e-chain were produced to measure shifting when force was applied from three various levels. Thereafter, the finite element analysis findings were applied to 10 patients requiring fixed orthodontic treatment with first premolar extraction and fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Impressions were made and the rate of retraction was evaluated at 4-week intervals by superimposition of scanned models.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: En-masse bodily retraction was seen when both canine hooks and palatal TAD was placed at 10 mm distance from the respective gingival margin. Clinically, subjects showed significant retraction at that level and statistically significant results in some cases. The maximum rate of retraction was seen in the first three months (average: 5.310 mm) with p-value <0.0001.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Translational tooth movement was observed when line of force was at the level of the center of resistance.https://www.ijorth.com/article_251736_61e835a46bf0e290f20b416a9a339520.pdfIranian Association of OrthodontistsIranian Journal of Orthodontics1735-508717120220601Orbito-Condylion and Orbito-Basion Lines as Alternatives to Frankfurt and Sella- Nasion Lines in Cephalometry1625173710.22034/ijo.2022.548194.1032ENHosur Krishnaiah VedavathiDepartment of Orthodontics, V S Dental College & Hospital, Bengaluru, IndiaPriyanka RoyDepartment of Orthodontics, V S Dental College & Hospital, Bengaluru, IndiaPrasanna Kumar PShashankaDepartment of Orthodontics, V S Dental College & Hospital, Bengaluru, IndiaSowmya Kyathanahalli SubbaiahDepartment of Orthodontics, V S Dental College & Hospital, Bengaluru, IndiaJournal Article20220204<strong>Aim</strong>: Frankfurt horizontal and Sella-Nasion lines are the most widely accepted and used landmarks in cephalometric analysis. This study investigates the use of the Orbito-Condylion line extending from the Orbitale to the Condylion as a novel horizontal line for substituting the Frankfurt horizontal line. Similarly, the evaluation of the Orbito-Basion line as an alternative to the Sella-Nasion line in cephalometric analysis was done. We evaluated the reproducibility of the new horizontal lines and measured the angle between the Orbito-Condylion line and the Frankfurt line; and the angle between the Sella-Nasion and Orbitale-Basion line.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: This investigation was carried out on 30 individuals. The Porion, Orbitale, Condylion, Sella, Nasion, and Basion were identified and marked. The angles between the orbito-meatal line (inferior orbital rim to the Porion; the Frankfurt line) and the Orbito-Condylion line (inferior orbital rim to the Condylion) were measured. Likewise, the angles between the Sella-Nasion line (center of sella tursica to Nasion) and the Orbito-Basion line (inferior orbital rim to Basion) were measured.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: Significant interobserver and intraobserver bias did not exist. The mean angle between the Frankfurt line and Orbito-Condylion line was 0.5°±2.27° and the mean angle between the Sella-Nasion line and Orbito-Basion line was 3.48°±3.11°.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: This study showed the new lines have good reproducibility, reliability, and efficacy. The Orbito-Condylion and Orbito-Basion lines are reliable, reproducible, and easily identifiable, and has the potential as novel standard horizontal lines to supersede or complement the Frankfurt line and Sella-Nasion line in anthropological studies and clinical applications.https://www.ijorth.com/article_251737_6b881bd5955938862874dfeab30829cf.pdfIranian Association of OrthodontistsIranian Journal of Orthodontics1735-508717120220601Comparison of Tooth Movement Using Platelet Rich Plasma and Conventional Method in Patients with Moderate Crowding: A Split-Mouth Study1725177410.22034/ijo.2022.548710.1038ENPranshu MathurDepartment of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, India0000-0003-3294-3938Shally MahajanFaculty of Dentistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, IndiaAftab AzamDepartment of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, IndiaAshish ChauhanDepartment of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, IndiaRagni TandonDepartment of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, IndiaJournal Article20220212<strong>Aim</strong>: The objective of this study was to compare tooth movement using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and the conventional method in patients with moderate crowding during the leveling and aligning phase.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Fifty patients with moderate crowding in the maxillary arch were chosen. Split-mouth design was planned with one quadrant allotted as the experimental group (PRP side) and the other as the control group. Five injection sites were pre-defined: distal surface of the root of the central incisor, mesial and distal root surfaces of the lateral incisor and canine. After the extraction of the permanent maxillary first premolars, PRP was injected at various sites on the experimental side while the other side served as the control group. In each group, four times were studied: 0(T0), 21(T1), 42(T2), and 63(T3) days after injection. Tooth movement was measured using a digital vernier caliper and statistical analysis was done using paired t-test.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: Significant amount of tooth movement was seen at 21 days (p<0.001). No significant difference in tooth movement was found at 42 days (p=0.265) and 63 days (p=0.104) after injection.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Platelet-Rich Plasma is responsible for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement in patients with moderate crowding when injected during the leveling and aligning phase for the first 21 days after injection although it was non-effective after 42 and 63 days.https://www.ijorth.com/article_251774_8e963c5f1cb14230909702ef957351b0.pdfIranian Association of OrthodontistsIranian Journal of Orthodontics1735-508717120220601Comparison of Shear Bond Strength of Bonded and Rebonded Orthodontic Brackets Following Removal of Adhesive Remnants by Four Different Methods1625173910.22034/ijo.2022.549422.1046ENNirali MehulbhaiShahOrthodontist, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, N.P.D.C.H, Visnagar, India0000-0002-6270-1045Khyati ViralPatelOrthodontist, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, N.P.D.C.H, Visnagar, India0000-0002-3463-9924Ajay KubavatProfessor and HOD, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, N.P.D.C.H, Visnagar, India0000-0003-2099-9715Manish DesaiOrthodontist, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, N.P.D.C.H, Visnagar, India0000-0002-5691-9089Harshit ArvindbhaiPatelOrthodontist, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, N.P.D.C.H, Visnagar, India0000-0001-5452-4684Nikunj HarikrushnPrajapatiOrthodontist, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, N.P.D.C.H, Visnagar, India0000-0003-2615-9450Journal Article20220225<strong>Aim</strong>: The aim of the in vitro study was to examine the enamel surface after the application of four different methods for adhesive removal following the bracket debonding procedure, as well as to compare their effects on enamel surface.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Premolars (n=60) were randomly assigned to four groups. After initial debonding and recording the shear bond strength (SBS), adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were assessed. The removal method for each of the four groups was the use of 1) a round bur, 2) rubber wheel bur, 3)12 fluted tungsten carbide bur, and 4) scaler. After that, teeth in all four groups were kept in artificial saliva for one month. After rebonding with a new bracket, again the SBS and ARI scores were measured. Two representative samples from each group were examined under a scanning electron microscope. ……. P-value <0.05 was considered as significant. ANOVA test was used to assess the SBS association within the group. Paired T test was used to assess the SBS between the group. fisher’s exact test was performed to compare ARI index before and after.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: There was significant decrease in secondary SBS value in group 1 but significant increase in secondary SBS value in group 3, and a slight decrease in SBS value in group 4. In SEM images, there were composite remnants in all the four groups with fewer remnants in group 2. Enamel surface damage was observed in the SEM image of group 3. ARI scores showed no significant difference.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Adhesive remnant removal efficiency of the round bur and scaler are less. Rubber wheel bur is a good choice of instrument for removal of adhesive remnants from tooth surface as it does not affect the bond strength. Tungsten carbide bur shows good results, as secondary bonding SBS value increased. Significant difference between ARI scores did not exist, indicating a higher number of mixed type failure in all groups.https://www.ijorth.com/article_251739_5288f00fe15456644c3953c60ad34ca9.pdfIranian Association of OrthodontistsIranian Journal of Orthodontics1735-508717120220601Perception of Students on the Educational Environment of Mashhad Dental School based on the DREEM Questionnaire during 2020-20211825250010.22034/ijo.2022.552993.1064ENNeda EslamiDental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;
Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranSamira FarzinDentist, Private Practice, Mashhad, IranAthar Nasseri MojaradPost-graduate Student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranJournal Article20220502<strong>Aim</strong>: The aim of this study was to assess perception of students on the educational environment of Mashhad Dental School using the DREEM questionnaire.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: In this cross-sectional study, 427 DREEM questionnaires were completed by dental students attending Mashhad Dental School during the academic year of 2020-2021. The questionnaire contained five different domains including: student perceptions of learning, student perceptions of teachers, student academic self-perception, student perception of the educational atmosphere, and students social self-perception. The overall score and the scores of each domain of the DREEM questionnaire were then compared among the students. Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used for statistical analysis. P<0.05 was set as significant.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: Both the total score and the score of each domain of the DREEM questionnaire were all less than 2. Comparing the mean scores of each domain, basic sciences students had significantly higher scores in the “student perception of learning” domain than clinical sciences students. The mean overall score of DREEM and each domain were not significant between the two sexes. There were no questions in the "acceptable" status, 36 questions were in the "problematic”, and 14 were “in need of attention” status.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: This study showed that students attending the Mashhad Dental School do not have a positive perception of the educational environment. Therefore, more coherent educational planning is required to improve the quality of the educational environment.https://www.ijorth.com/article_252500_ae149de03bcceca8f9bfadba98f67907.pdf