Mohammad Basafa; M. Shahabee
Abstract
Introduction: The main object of this study was to find out the correlation between types of malocclusion and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders among students.Materials and methods: This study was descriptive and cross-sectional in which 425 persons were examined. From this number, 308 persons ...
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Introduction: The main object of this study was to find out the correlation between types of malocclusion and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders among students.Materials and methods: This study was descriptive and cross-sectional in which 425 persons were examined. From this number, 308 persons were male, and 117 were female. All samples were students of Mashhad University of Medical and Dental Sciences. The range in age was 19 to 32 years with a mean of 26.1 years. Samples were selected randomly. SPSS soft ware was used and statistic evaluation was done.Results: The correlation between malocclusion and TMJ discomfort at a level of ?=0.05 was not signifi-cant. The highest level of correlation existed between TMDs and CI II malocclusion. The rate of TMJ dis-comfort in various types of malocclusion was respectively as follow: CI II>CI I>CI III. The correlation between TMJ discomfort and head, neck and back pain was meaningful (P=0.0298). The rate of women with TMJ discomfort to men was 1.6: 1. Most patients with TMJ discomfort complained of joint noises and a small number of them remarked symptoms such as pain, jaw opening limitation, and other symptoms of the disorder. Joint noises were mainly in the form of clicking. TMJ discomfort accompanied by gastric dis-order (generally speaking) was meaningful (P=0.0214).Conclusion: From this study it was concluded that there was no significant correlation between maloc-clusion and TMJ discomfort at a level of α=0.05 among students. The highest level of correlation, which still was not statistically significant, existed between TMDs and CI II malocclusion. The correlation between TMJ discomfort and head, neck and back pain was significant. It is suggested that specific studies be done to clear out the exact relation between gastric disorder and TMJ discomfort.
Education
Neda Eslami; Samira Farzin; Athar Nasseri Mojarad
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess perception of students on the educational environment of Mashhad Dental School using the DREEM questionnaire.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 427 DREEM questionnaires were completed by dental students attending Mashhad Dental School during the academic ...
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Aim: The aim of this study was to assess perception of students on the educational environment of Mashhad Dental School using the DREEM questionnaire.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 427 DREEM questionnaires were completed by dental students attending Mashhad Dental School during the academic year of 2020-2021. The questionnaire contained five different domains including: student perceptions of learning, student perceptions of teachers, student academic self-perception, student perception of the educational atmosphere, and students social self-perception. The overall score and the scores of each domain of the DREEM questionnaire were then compared among the students. Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used for statistical analysis. P<0.05 was set as significant.Results: Both the total score and the score of each domain of the DREEM questionnaire were all less than 2. Comparing the mean scores of each domain, basic sciences students had significantly higher scores in the “student perception of learning” domain than clinical sciences students. The mean overall score of DREEM and each domain were not significant between the two sexes. There were no questions in the "acceptable" status, 36 questions were in the "problematic”, and 14 were “in need of attention” status.Conclusion: This study showed that students attending the Mashhad Dental School do not have a positive perception of the educational environment. Therefore, more coherent educational planning is required to improve the quality of the educational environment.
Mostafa Abtahi; Milad Zarei; Rasool Saheb Alam; Paria Raeesi; Lohrasb Dehghani
Abstract
Aim: The present study was designed to investigate the degree of achievement of the educational goals of Mashhad Dental School's educational program from the perspective of basic sciences students in the academic year 2018-2019. By examining the current situation, it is possible to improve the educational ...
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Aim: The present study was designed to investigate the degree of achievement of the educational goals of Mashhad Dental School's educational program from the perspective of basic sciences students in the academic year 2018-2019. By examining the current situation, it is possible to improve the educational quality of the program.Methods: To measure the achievement of educational goals, a checklist and a questionnaire were prepared based on the educational headings in the dental education regulations approved by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and approved by the school of Dentistry. After classification, the desired information was evaluated descriptively using SPSS-20 software and the chi-square statistical test.Results: Significant differences did not exist between the two sexes regarding the achieved goals, except for the dental material basics course. The achieved goals were not significantly different between the students with “A “average score and other students in any of the courses. Also, significant differences were not found in any courses in the realized goals between students with different interests in the field of dentistry.Conclusion: Fulfillment of educational goals is lower in the less applicable courses for the field of dentistry in the basic sciences, which indicates the necessity of curriculum revision to achieve higher quality education.
Orthodontics
Jigarsinh D. Solanki; Ajay K. Kubavat; Khyati V. Patel; Susmita Choudhary; Sanjeev Jakati; Alpesh Vaghela
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this questionnaire study was to determine what criteria lead potential orthodontic patients to choose a direct-to-consumer aligner company, orthodontist, or general dentist in north Gujarat, India.Methods: A total of 100 potential orthodontic patients from the general population in ...
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Aim: The purpose of this questionnaire study was to determine what criteria lead potential orthodontic patients to choose a direct-to-consumer aligner company, orthodontist, or general dentist in north Gujarat, India.Methods: A total of 100 potential orthodontic patients from the general population in north Gujarat participated in the study. Google Forms was used to send the questionnaire, and the data was recorded. Participants’ views on the type of provider they would prefer for their orthodontic treatment were tabulated. Data was entered in the software SPSS (v. 20.0) and statistical analysis was performed (p<0.05).Results: A total of 58 females and 42 males from the general population (100 potential orthodontic patients) in north Gujarat responded to the questionnaire. The participants (45%) held the opinion that a direct-to-consumer aligner company could offer better cost of treatment, 62% of participants preferred an orthodontist for better quality of treatment, 56% of participants preferred a direct-to-consumer aligner company because they felt that it would be more convenient, and 49% of participants preferred an orthodontist because they felt they would offer better follow-up after orthodontic treatment.Conclusion: Participants tended to prefer orthodontists because they felt they would receive better quality of treatment and follow-up, and more treatment options such as aesthetic treatment. However, they preferred direct-to-consumer aligner companies because of their convenience, lower cost, shorter treatment duration, and better customer service. For their child's orthodontic care, parents typically choose an orthodontist.
Orthodontics
Farzaneh Lal Alizadeh; Lohrasb Dehghani; Milad Zarei
Abstract
Aim: BDD is a psychiatric diagnosis in the spectrum of obsessive compulsive disorder wherein the patient has a damaging mental preoccupation with a slight deficiency in his physical appearance. Awareness of this disease and its symptoms is essential for proper diagnosis and management of the patient.Methods: ...
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Aim: BDD is a psychiatric diagnosis in the spectrum of obsessive compulsive disorder wherein the patient has a damaging mental preoccupation with a slight deficiency in his physical appearance. Awareness of this disease and its symptoms is essential for proper diagnosis and management of the patient.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 86 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery. A demographic information questionnaire, Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale modified for the BDD questionnaire, BDI-II questionnaire (Depression Scale) and Beck Anxiety Scale questionnaire were completed by patients to assess BDD disorder, depression, and anxiety. Data were described using appropriate statistical tables and graphs to express indicators and frequency distribution. Shapiro-Wilk, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Fisher tests were used to analyze the data.Results: This study was performed on 86 patients with a mean age of 23.19±4.5 years. The percentage of BDD in women (20%) was higher than in men (14%), but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.685). The prevalence of depression was significantly higher (p<0.001) in patients with BDD (53%) than in those without this disorder (11%). The prevalence of anxiety was significantly higher (p<0.001) in patients with BDD (67%) than in those without this disorder (23%). With increasing age, the BDD scores decrease slightly, but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.113).Conclusion: The prevalence of BDD in the study population was 17.4%. The high prevalence of the disorder in orthognathic surgery patients compared to the general population requires the serious attention of dentists to this disorder.
Dental Materials
Masomeh Esmaily; Manijeh Mohammadian; Neda Faghfourian
Abstract
Aim: The primer-containing composites, which eliminate the bonding step, decrease clinical time and securely attach the bracket to the tooth. Given the significant role of bonding in the bond strength of orthodontic adhesives, this study aims to investigate the effect of using a universal bond with two ...
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Aim: The primer-containing composites, which eliminate the bonding step, decrease clinical time and securely attach the bracket to the tooth. Given the significant role of bonding in the bond strength of orthodontic adhesives, this study aims to investigate the effect of using a universal bond with two types of primer-containing composites on the bond strength of these composites.Methods: Sixty healthy premolars were collected and divided into four equal groups: GC Ortho Connect composite, GC Ortho Connect composite with a universal bond, OrthoCem composite, and OrthoCem composite with a universal bond. The shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine, and the residual adhesive index was measured using a stereomicroscope at a 10x magnification.Results: The shear bond strengths of the GC Ortho Connect group without a universal bond, the GC Ortho Connect group with a universal bond, the OrthoCem group with a universal bond, and the OrthoCem group without a universal bond were calculated to be 21.54, 12.88, 12.37, and 11.68 MPa, respectively. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the GC Ortho Connect group without a universal bond had a significantly higher shear bond strength than the other groups. The results also indicated that the universal bond reduced the shear bond strength in the GC Ortho Connect composite (p-value <0.001) and had no significant effect on the shear bond strength of the OrthoCem composite (p-value=1.000).Conclusion: While the application of a universal bond considerably diminishes the shear bond strength in the GC Ortho Connect composite, it does not exert a significant influence on the OrthoCem composite. This suggests that the effectiveness of a universal bond may be dependent on the specific composite used, necessitating further investigations into optimizing bonding methods for different composite materials in orthodontics.
Orthodontics
Matilda Mtaya-Mlangwa; Gustav Rwekaza
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the association between malocclusion, self-perception, self-esteem, and socio-demographic factors among primary schoolchildren in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study that involved children aged 10-12 years from primary ...
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Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the association between malocclusion, self-perception, self-esteem, and socio-demographic factors among primary schoolchildren in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study that involved children aged 10-12 years from primary schools in Dar es Salaam. A questionnaire was used to obtain information about the participants’ socio-demographics, self-perception and self-esteem. Clinical examination was done to determine their occlusal statuses. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22.0), and Chi-square test and logistic regression model were used to assess statistically significant differences between variables. P<0.05 was considered as significant.Results: A total of 620 schoolchildren participated in this study. The overall prevalence of malocclusion was 66.5%. Undesirable self-perception was reported in 34.0% and self-esteem issues in 30.0% of the schoolchildren. Significantly, many participants with less educated fathers had malocclusion compared with their counterparts (p=0.002). Furthermore, most children with malocclusion perceived themselves negatively and reported lower self-esteem compared with those who had no malocclusion (78.7% vs. 21.3%, p=0.000 and 75.8% vs. 24.2%, p=0.001, respectively). In the logistic regression model, the presence of malocclusion remained as a significant determinant of schoolchildren perceiving themselves negatively and reporting lower self-esteem (OR: 2.4, CI: 1.62-3.54, p= 0.000 and OR: 1.82, CI: 1.23-2.7, p= 0.003, respectively).Conclusion: Conclusion: The presence of malocclusion was associated with children's negative self-perception and lower self-esteem. Malocclusion prevention and early interventions in children are highly recommended.
Orthodontics
S.Kutalmış Buyuk; Feridun Abay; Omer Ufkun Yıldırım; Ozgur Enginyurt
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the level of awareness and knowledge of family physicians regarding oral and maxillofacial evaluations and orthodontic treatment.Methods: The survey was designed as 21 questions and sent to family physicians in Turkiye. The participants were asked about their ...
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Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the level of awareness and knowledge of family physicians regarding oral and maxillofacial evaluations and orthodontic treatment.Methods: The survey was designed as 21 questions and sent to family physicians in Turkiye. The participants were asked about their age, gender, place of work, years of experience, regions evaluated during the routine examination, and level of orthodontic awareness and knowledge.Results: A total of 400 family physicians completed the survey. There was a significant difference in the referral rate of family physicians working in university hospitals (p<0.01), years of experience (p<0.001), whether evaluating the head and neck region (p<0.05), and the jaw positions during a routine examination (p<0.001) and for those who performed an intraoral examination and who checked dental crowding (p<0.001). When evaluating the head and neck region and dental crowding in routine examinations, a significant difference was found in the number of experienced family physicians (p<0.05).Conclusion: Awareness of the facial profile and having orthodontic knowledge was relatively high in the family physicians who participated in our study; however, their number of oral and maxillofacial evaluations were found to be low in routine examinations. It would be beneficial to organize seminars, conferences, and symposiums to increase the awareness and knowledge of family physicians on the oral and maxillofacial region and how to conduct efficient orthodontic evaluations.
Orthodontics
Harshikkumar Arvindbhai Parekh; Rahul Anil Trivedi; Falguni Mehta; Renuka Patel; Nipa Prajapati; Shekhar Asarsa
Abstract
Background: Traditional orthognathic surgery typically requires prolonged and extensive orthodontic treatment prior to surgery, followed by a shorter postoperative orthodontic phase. The pre-surgical orthodontic period is lengthy and can lead to a decline in facial aesthetics due to decompensation. Consequently, ...
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Background: Traditional orthognathic surgery typically requires prolonged and extensive orthodontic treatment prior to surgery, followed by a shorter postoperative orthodontic phase. The pre-surgical orthodontic period is lengthy and can lead to a decline in facial aesthetics due to decompensation. Consequently, patients’ mental health could decline and they could lose confidence as a result of these changes. To address the issue of deteriorating facial soft tissues during early decompensation and to reduce the risk of unstable postoperative occlusion, the surgery-first approach (SFA) or minimal pre-surgical orthodontics (MPO) has been introduced. MPO is designed to minimize occlusal interference and enhance arch coordination for surgery, thereby increasing the predictability of surgical outcomes.Case Description: An 18-year-old male patient with skeletal class III malocclusion and an anterior open bite was treated using MPO. A modified trans-palatal arch (TPA) was applied before surgery to rectify a projected post-surgical buccal scissor-bite involving the maxillary second molar. After achieving this correction, the patient underwent bi-jaw surgery.Conclusion: This approach, in contrast to the conventional method, involved brief orthodontic tooth movement without negatively impacting the patient's profile or decompensation. The patient was highly satisfied and delighted with the outcome.
Orthodontics
Pedram Javidi; Leila Simaei; Nazanin Rahbar
Abstract
Aim: Space closure after extraction of teeth is one of the most challenging steps in orthodontic treatments. Nickel-titanium close coil springs are used as a superior appliance in the said field for space closure, but high expenses associated with them have pushed dentists toward using elastomeric chains. ...
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Aim: Space closure after extraction of teeth is one of the most challenging steps in orthodontic treatments. Nickel-titanium close coil springs are used as a superior appliance in the said field for space closure, but high expenses associated with them have pushed dentists toward using elastomeric chains. This study was planned to compare nickel-titanium to one of the newest reinforced types of elastomeric chains – Super Slick.Methods: This research was planned as a prospective analytical study with a split-mouth design, and was performed on 11 randomly selected participants referring to the specialty clinic of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. After leveling and alignment, patients were referred for simultaneous extraction of first premolars. For closing the space after extraction, randomly, the nickel-titanium close coil spring was assigned to one quadrant and the Super Slick elastomeric chain to the other. Patients were followed-up every month for three months, and in every session using a digital caliper the rate of space closure resulting from extraction of first premolars was measured from the distogingival wing of the canine bracket to the mesiogingival wing of the second premolar bracket. The monthly rate of space closure was calculated in millimeters, and the results regarding Super Slick Chains and nickel-titanium springs were compared and statistically analyzed using the t-test and nonparametric tests.Results: Based on the results of the t-test, the rate of the premolars extraction space closure in the first month, second month, and third month showed no significant differences between Super Slick elastomeric chains (1.82±0.27) and nickel-titanium close coil springs (1.90±0.4). Also, based on the said test, the general speed of space closure during the three months was not meaningfully different (p=0.489).Conclusion: Considering that there was not a significant difference in the rate of space closure between elastomeric chains and nickel-titanium close coil springs during the three months of the study, it can be concluded that with time, the strength of the reinforced elastic chains for retraction of canine teeth is similar to that of the nickel-titanium springs. A look at the results shows that the claims of the manufacturers of reinforced elastic chains regarding force conservation are not very far from reality.
Orthodontics
Atefe Saffar shahroudi; Farahnaz Fazeli; Behrad Tanbakuchi
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to assess the frequency of using clear aligners by orthodontists and their perspective in this respect.Methods: This descriptive-analytical study evaluated 86 orthodontists practicing in Iran in 2021. An online questionnaire was designed by an expert panel to collect information ...
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Aim: This study aimed to assess the frequency of using clear aligners by orthodontists and their perspective in this respect.Methods: This descriptive-analytical study evaluated 86 orthodontists practicing in Iran in 2021. An online questionnaire was designed by an expert panel to collect information regarding the frequency of use of clear aligners (CA) by orthodontists, their satisfaction rate with this treatment approach, their perception of CA's advantages and disadvantages and the challenges they encountered while using CA. The results were analyzed by descriptive analysis methods and regression analysis.Results: Eighty-six orthodontists filled out the questionnaire. Less than one-third of participants reported using CA, and the majority of them reported using it for less than 10% of their patients. Of those not using CA, 75% were interested in using them. The mean satisfaction score with CA was 9.26 out of 20. The main reason for not using CA was difficult access to reputable companies and suboptimal quality of work of the available laboratories. The majority of orthodontists stated that CA could not be used for cases with impacted teeth, orthognathic surgery patients, and syndromic, cleft lip and palate patients. The main shortcoming of CA was perceived to be in the space closure phase, and their cost was 50-100% higher than regular orthodontic treatment. Older orthodontists were less interested in using CA while faculty members were more interested.Conclusion: The frequency of use of clear aligners by Iranian orthodontists is low and their satisfaction rate with this approach is <50%.
Biomechanics
Gregorio Bonfim Dourado; Ester Andrade Souza Neta; Marcelo Castelucci Barbosa; Thais Maria Freire Fernandes; Ricardo Alves de Souza; Ana Claudia de Castro Ferreira Conti
Abstract
Aim: We have reported a case of a 17-year-old patient with impaction of element 2.1 and severe incisors crowding and the treatment plan involved traction of the impacted teeth.Methods: First, rapid maxillary expansion was performed. Then elements 1.4, 2.4, 3.4, and 4.4 were extracted to dissolve the ...
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Aim: We have reported a case of a 17-year-old patient with impaction of element 2.1 and severe incisors crowding and the treatment plan involved traction of the impacted teeth.Methods: First, rapid maxillary expansion was performed. Then elements 1.4, 2.4, 3.4, and 4.4 were extracted to dissolve the crowding, and the fixed appliances were bonded. A NiTi coil spring was used to open the needed space for traction, and surgical exposure of the tooth for bonding a traction device was done. After the tooth erupted in the oral cavity, overlay mechanics was used to align and level it.Results: Despite being challenging, the conservative treatment resulted in satisfactory outcomes, and the objectives were achieved, restoring the patient's aesthetics and function.Conclusion: After correct planning of the case, the impacted central incisor was pulled, restoring the patient's function and aesthetics, with good preservation of the supporting structures.
Education
Farzaneh Lal Alizadeh; Lohrasb Dehghani; Erfan Bardideh; Farnaz Zia
Abstract
Aim: Considering that post-graduate residents are directly connected to the physical and mental health of diverse populations within society, evaluating and monitoring their mental health could improve the overall health level of societies. This study aimed to evaluate the mental health of post-graduate ...
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Aim: Considering that post-graduate residents are directly connected to the physical and mental health of diverse populations within society, evaluating and monitoring their mental health could improve the overall health level of societies. This study aimed to evaluate the mental health of post-graduate residents of the Mashhad Dental School in the academic year of 2019-2020.Methods: This study was conducted as a descriptive-analytical investigation that involved distributing SCL-90 questionnaires among post-graduate residents at the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. The questionnaires were provided in both paper and online formats. The mental health state of each participant was assessed based on the scores they received in four categories: no mental disorder (0-0.99), mild mental disorder (1-1.99), moderate mental disorder (2-2.99), and severe mental disorder (3-3.99). The collected data was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests with the aid of the software SPSS (version 20).Results: A total of 82 questionnaires were completed by the residents and analyzed. According to the total score, 29.3% (24 subjects) of the post-graduate residents reported having some degree of mental disorder: 28% (23 subjects) reported having a minor disorder, and 1.2% one subject) reported a moderate disorder, and no residents with serious disorders. The average score of mental disorder of the residents was 0.48±0.77. The SCL-90 dimension obsessive-compulsive was the highest at 48.8% and the dimension morbid fear was only 11%. In this study, no significant relationship was observed between any of the variables of marital status, major, or entry year with the total mental health score (P<0.05).Conclusion: According to the results of the research, about one-third of the specialty residents of the Mashhad Dental School suffer from some kind of mental disorder.
Cephalometry
Azita Tehranchi; Setrareh Sohrabi; Farnaz younessian; Fatemeh Zahedipour
Abstract
Aim: Following maxillary impaction, the mandible rotates around a center. Inaccurate determination of mandibular rotation can have profound effects on orthognathic surgical treatment planning and final surgical outcome. The present study determined the relationship between the cephalometric characteristics ...
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Aim: Following maxillary impaction, the mandible rotates around a center. Inaccurate determination of mandibular rotation can have profound effects on orthognathic surgical treatment planning and final surgical outcome. The present study determined the relationship between the cephalometric characteristics of candidates for maxillary impaction surgery using sagittal and vertical locations of the center of rotation of the mandible.Methods: In a descriptive and cross-sectional trial, 36 candidates for LeFort I maxillary impaction surgery were selected. Two lateral cephalograms were obtained in open and closed mouth positions. The center of rotation of the mandible was determined by the Reuleaux technique. Cephalometric measurements of the patients with the determined center of mandibular rotation locations (regions 1 and 4 of the coordinate axis) were done and the results were subjected to the student t-test.Results: The center of mandibular rotation was located in region 1 of the coordinate axis in 17 (50%) and in 17 (50%) in the 4th region of the coordinate axis. Statistically significant differences existed regarding the MP-SN (p<0.006), CO-GO (p<0.006), and CO-GN (p<0.04) at two regions of 1 and 4 for the center of rotation of the mandible in the coordinate axis.Conclusion: With the decreased length of the ramus and increased inclination of the plane, the center of rotation of the mandible tended to be situated at region 1 of the coordinate axis, and together with the increased length of the ramus and decreased plane inclination, the center of mandibular rotation tended to be located at region 4 of the coordinate axis.
Valiollah Arash; Abdolmajid Alizadeh
Abstract
Aim: There are currently many patients who need orthodontic treatment. Given the high expense of orthodontic therapy and the fact that orthodontic brackets are recyclable elements, this study was carried out to compare the shear Bond strength of new and recycled brackets in vitro.materials and Method: ...
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Aim: There are currently many patients who need orthodontic treatment. Given the high expense of orthodontic therapy and the fact that orthodontic brackets are recyclable elements, this study was carried out to compare the shear Bond strength of new and recycled brackets in vitro.materials and Method: Thirty healthy extracted first premolars without cracks or decay were selected. the teeth were randomly assigned to two groups and etched by 37% phosphoric acid for 30 seconds. An icy surface was obtained and brackets (018 standard Dentaurum)were assigned equally to two groups of 15 new and recycled brackets each. After 500 round thermo-cycling in temperatures between 5°C and 55°C, shear bond strength was obtained by dividing the force by bracket cross-sector. The Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) and the Enamel detachment index (EDI) were evaluated.
Results: Average shear Bond strengths for the new and recycled brackets were 17.5717±7.3929 Mpa and 16.6811±5.3899 Mpa, respectively. There were no significant and differences in Bond strength between two brackets. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in EDI and ARI ratios.Conclusion: With respect to shear Bond strength, recycled brackets may be a viable option for fixed orthodontic treatment in clinical practice.
Seyed Mohammadreza Safavi; Mehdi Ravadgar; Fatemeh Mashhadiabbas; D. Sharifi; Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban
Abstract
Background and aims: To evaluate the frequency of ankylosis, loss of pulp vitality and external root resorption after intentional root contact with mini-screw.Methods: Sixty maxillary and mandibular second, third, and fourth premolars teeth of five mature beagle dogs were randomly assigned into three ...
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Background and aims: To evaluate the frequency of ankylosis, loss of pulp vitality and external root resorption after intentional root contact with mini-screw.Methods: Sixty maxillary and mandibular second, third, and fourth premolars teeth of five mature beagle dogs were randomly assigned into three experimental groups. Premolars teeth at group I, received a mini-screw (6-mm length, 1.5mm diameter, self drilling) which was removed immediately after contact with the root. Group II consisted of teeth that received mini-screw and the screw left in situ for 15 weeks. In group III once contact was made with mini-screw, the teeth were shifted away from the screw with brackets and Titanium closed coil spring tightened to another bonded orthodontic brackets on the neighbor teeth. Group IV was the control group. The specimens were decalcified, stained and evaluated histologically to determine the presence/absence of root resorption, ankylosis and tooth vitality.Results: There were no signs of ankylosis, root resorption, moderate to severe inflammation or necrosis within the pulp in any experimental group.Conclusions: Ankylosis, pulp necrosis and sever root resorption are not common clinical outcomes when mini-screw contacts the root. Repair after contact with mini-screw depends on the severity of invasion. More severe invasion needs further time necessary for repair.
Mahtab Nouri; Arash Farzan; Alireza AkbarZadeh Baghban
Abstract
Background and aim: The aim of present study was to compare the 4th degree polynomials’ drawings generated by the invented laser scanner and ones generated by a CMM. Materials and methods: This diagnostic experimental study was conducted on maxillary and mandibular orthodontic study casts ...
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Background and aim: The aim of present study was to compare the 4th degree polynomials’ drawings generated by the invented laser scanner and ones generated by a CMM. Materials and methods: This diagnostic experimental study was conducted on maxillary and mandibular orthodontic study casts of 18 adults with normal Class I occlusion. First, coordinates of the points on all casts were measured by a CMM. Then, three-dimensional coordinates (X, Y, Z) of the points on the same casts were measured by a 3-D laser scanner designed in Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran.The validity and reliability of each of the systems were assessed by means of Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and the root mean square(RMS). Results: The mean RMS for CBPs obtained from CMM and the fitted polynomial for upper and lower dental models was 0.885. The mean RMS for these CBPs on the custom defined polynomial obtained from the laser scanner was 0.911. The mean correlation coefficient for CBPs obtained from CMM and the fitted polynomial for upper and lower dental models was 0.996. The mean correlation coefficient for these CBPs on the custom defined polynomial obtained from the laser scanner was 0.994.Conclusion: The invented laser scanner is nearly as accurate as a CMM in providing an arch form drawing by recording of CBPs on the teeth and use of a 4th degree polynomial fitted to them.
Z. Tabatabaei; Hossein Aghili; M. Danesh Ardekani; F. Ghadiri
Abstract
Aim: Evaluation of facial shape and proportions is one of the most important steps in determining treatment options and outcomes. Balancing the position of the lips in relation to the nose and chin has a direct effect on patient aesthetic preference. Therefore the aim of this study was evaluation of ...
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Aim: Evaluation of facial shape and proportions is one of the most important steps in determining treatment options and outcomes. Balancing the position of the lips in relation to the nose and chin has a direct effect on patient aesthetic preference. Therefore the aim of this study was evaluation of the correlation between nasolabial angle and antero-posterior position of maxilla in orthodontic patients who referred to private dental office in Yazd city.
Material and Methods: In this cross- sectional descriptive study position of maxilla were evaluated based on Mc. Namara and Steiner analysis in the lateral cephalometric radiographs of 47 orthodontics patients (21 male and 26 female). Nasolabial angle (NLA) and lower nasolabial angle (LNLA) were measured and correlation between thesen parameters were analyzed by ANOVA test and Pearson’s correlation tests using SPSS(version 16).Results: Diffrences of Wit’s appraisal SNA and Mc namara values amoung three groups of maxillary deficiency, maxillary excess and orthognatic patients were statistically significant (p.value<0.05) but no correlation found among NLA or LNLA and maxillary position(p.value>0.05)Conclusion: Due to compensation of skeletal problems by teeth, NLA can not describe position of maxilla perfectly.
Faegheh Gholinia; Ali Khalighi Sigaroudi; H. Hoormand
Abstract
Background and aim: One of the most important reasons appealing orthodontic treatment or orthosurgery is the tendency to improve the face beauty. Since the main influence of orthodontic treatment is on the profile region particularly on the lower face therefore we focused chin. The aim of this study ...
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Background and aim: One of the most important reasons appealing orthodontic treatment or orthosurgery is the tendency to improve the face beauty. Since the main influence of orthodontic treatment is on the profile region particularly on the lower face therefore we focused chin. The aim of this study was to compare the perception of attractiveness among orthodontist, surgeon and lay people in case of vertical and horizontal changes in silhouette profile of chin. Materials and method: In the present research, we chose two standard profile pictures (a man and a woman) from reliable resources. Each picture have been changed to silhouette using Photoshop CS2 program. Then we changed the chin position in vertical and horizontal dimensions for 2mm incrementally. The range of changes in vertical dimension for man’s picture was between -6 to +6 and for women was between -4 to +4. Also in horizontal dimension, the range of changes in man’s pictures was from -10 to +10 and for woman’s picture was between -8 to +8. The observers received the PowerPoint file contained the images and a questionnaire which included the number of pictures and some relevant questions. They had 3 minutes to give a score to each picture according to their judgement from 1 to 5, 1 for the best and 5 for the worst one. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics tests (Independent t-test, chi square and ANOVA and logestic regression model) at p<0/05 with SPSS 19.Results: All groups found our normal profile as the best one. There were difference among findings of 3 groups(P=0.002). When comparing 2 groups, we did not find difference between omfs and orthodontists. Age and history of cosmetic procedures are factors that have significant effect on people’s perception.Conclusion: The beauty priority among 3 groups are the same but generally there are significant differences between specialists and lay people.
Massoud Seifi; Majid Bargrizan; Nafiseh Memar-Kermani; Elaheh VAhid-Dastjerdi
Abstract
Aims: Assessment of skeletal and dentoalveolar changes in class II division 1 patients after treatment with Seifi's functional appliance in dental school of Shahid Beheshti. University in 2007-2008. Methods: In this before- after clinical trial study, Seifi's functional appliance was used for ...
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Aims: Assessment of skeletal and dentoalveolar changes in class II division 1 patients after treatment with Seifi's functional appliance in dental school of Shahid Beheshti. University in 2007-2008. Methods: In this before- after clinical trial study, Seifi's functional appliance was used for 15 patients (mean age: 9.84±1.24 year) with class II division I deep bite maloccIusion. All of them had mandibular deficiency and ANB>4 degrees, OJ and OB>4mm. Lateral cephalometric and panoramic radiographs, primary impression via alginate, intraoral and facial photographs were taken at the beginning of the study and after 10.2±2.01 months. The results were compared to each other. The device was two pieces and consisted of an acrylic cap on mandibular incisors and a mid palatal screw and a vertical plate on the upper jaw.Results: In sagittal dimension ANB, 1-SN and OJ decreased and SNB increased (P<0.05). Changes of SNA and IMPA were not significant(P>0.05). In vertical dimension OB decreased and L6-MP increased(P<0.05).Conclusion: Due to simultaneous three dimensional correction in transverse, sagittal and vertical dimensions, the patient benefits of the short period of treatment in the golden growth period. Also correction in skeletal and dentoalveolar relations and improvement in profile happens.
Gholamreza Shirani; Farnoosh Mohammadi; Mohsen Shirazi
Abstract
Purpose: The long-term outcome and clinical results of gaparthro plasty used for the treatment of condylar ankylosis of the mandible in children with application of postoperative activator appliances and costochondral rib graft are evaluated and compared.
Materials and Methods: A nonrandomized, retrospective ...
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Purpose: The long-term outcome and clinical results of gaparthro plasty used for the treatment of condylar ankylosis of the mandible in children with application of postoperative activator appliances and costochondral rib graft are evaluated and compared.
Materials and Methods: A nonrandomized, retrospective clinical study of 10 cases of condylar ankylosis (18 Joints) of the mandible surgically treated during a 12 year period from 1990 to 2002 was performed. Four patients were treated by condylectomy and interpositional Flap and Six patients were treated by condylectomy and Immediate costachondral rib grafts.
The First group underwent long-term postoperative therapy using removable activator appliances. Casts, radiographs, photographs, computed tomography (CT) Scans, were Used post surgically to evaluate rib graft, condylar growth and function, occlusion, and Facial and condylar symmetry.
Results: Symmetry, arch coordination, correction of occlusal canting, mandibular deviation, facial growth , and prevention of reandkylosis were obtained and better controlled in those cases that cnderwent long-tern orthodontic activator therapy post operatively and were followed closely.
Conclusions: Children with long-standing condylar ankylosis of the mandible and its resultant facial asymmetry and occlusal canting (Secondry to a non functional joint and Maxillary compensation) treated with condylectomy and interpositional flap treated more favorably when activators were used postsurgically. The patients that failed to comply with or continue activator therapy postsurgically developed complications relating to mandibular deviation , occlusal dysharmony, asymmetry and rankylosis of the temporo mandibular joint (TMJ).
S. NaghiNejad Ahmadi; Mojgan Kochoei
Abstract
Aim: Orthodontic mini-implants have been incorporated into orthodontic treatment modalities. Adequate bone at mini-implant placement site can influence the success or failure of anchorage. The aim of the present study was to determine the thickness of bone in the maxillary mid-palatal area at predetermined ...
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Aim: Orthodontic mini-implants have been incorporated into orthodontic treatment modalities. Adequate bone at mini-implant placement site can influence the success or failure of anchorage. The aim of the present study was to determine the thickness of bone in the maxillary mid-palatal area at predetermined points for the placement of orthodontic mini-implants using Cone Beam CT technique in order to evaluate the relationship of these values with the facial height.
Materials and methods: A total of 161 patients, consisting of males (39.32%) and females (60.86%), were evaluated in the present study, 38% of the subjects had normal facial height, 29% had short face and 33% had long face. In order to determine which patient belonged to which facial height category, i.e. normal, long or short, two angular and linear evaluations were used: the angle between S-N and Go-Me lines and the S-Go to N-Me ratio. Twenty points were evaluated in all the samples. First the incisive foramen was located. The para-coronal cross-sections were prepared at distances of 4, 8, 16 and 24 mm from the distal wall of the incisive foramen and on each cross-section the mid-sagittal and para-sagittal areas were determined bilaterally at 3- and 6-mm distances (a total of 5 points). The thicknesses of the bone were determined at the predetermined points. Results: Statistical analysis did not show significant differences between three different facial height groups at none of the 20 points.Conclusion: The present study did not find any relationship between palatal bone thickness and facial height. Further studies with larger sample size are necessary to evaluate the relationship between the thickness of bone and facial height.
Tahere Hossein zadeh Nik; Fariba Esmaeilnia Shirvani
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a physical disorder that leads to repetitive obstruction of upper air way, causing in 30 or more apneic (the pause of airflow at the mouth and nose for more than 10 seconds) episodes during sleep. It is caused by the repeated collapse or narrowing of the pharyngeal ...
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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a physical disorder that leads to repetitive obstruction of upper air way, causing in 30 or more apneic (the pause of airflow at the mouth and nose for more than 10 seconds) episodes during sleep. It is caused by the repeated collapse or narrowing of the pharyngeal walls due to partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway. Treatment for sleep apnea include weight loss, keeping off alcohol, positional therapy, oral appliances, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Oral appliances have proven to be useful, noninvasive and easy to use. Patients prefer oral appliances and mandibular advancement appliances to CPAP. Our study concluded that oral appliances may assist in the management of OSA.
Allahyar Geramy; Seyed Amir Reza Fatahi Meybodi; Amir Hooman Sadr Haghighi
Abstract
Aim: To analysis the effect of unilateral shortening (Asymmetric Length, AL type) vs. expansion of head-gear outer-bow (Asymmetric Expansion, AE type) in delivering unilateral distal force.Methods: In 36 situations, composed or different outer-bow shortening, expansion and different neck contour and ...
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Aim: To analysis the effect of unilateral shortening (Asymmetric Length, AL type) vs. expansion of head-gear outer-bow (Asymmetric Expansion, AE type) in delivering unilateral distal force.Methods: In 36 situations, composed or different outer-bow shortening, expansion and different neck contour and position, the resultant distal force was analyzed. Applying an analysis described by Haack and Wienstein, the ratio by which the resultant distal force was divided between 2 terminal molars was calculated.Results: In AL type head-gear a greater portion of force was delivered to contra-lateral terminal while in AE type headgear the ratio of force delivery between two molars could not be higher than 1.04 due to geometrical limitations.Conclusion: AL type head-gear is a predictable and effective way for asymmetric distal force delivery. The greater force will be received by the contra-lateral terminal to the shorter arm of the outer-bow. AE type is not suggested for distal force delivery due to its geometric limitation and relative ineffectiveness.
Ladan Eslamian; Kaveh Alavi; Sanaz Mehdizadeh
Abstract
Aim: Understanding or self-image about beauty of teeth has been considered as the most common reasons for referrals to orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Expectations and self-concepts of patients referred for orthodontic treatment in a private office and Shahid Beheshti, ...
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Aim: Understanding or self-image about beauty of teeth has been considered as the most common reasons for referrals to orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Expectations and self-concepts of patients referred for orthodontic treatment in a private office and Shahid Beheshti, Dental School.Materials and Methods: To evaluate patient's expectations and self concept, a questionnaire consisting of 13 close and 2 open questions was prepared. To determine whether the problems of patients are realistic, an orthodontist visited all patients and recorded the findings on a structured questionnaire. In addition some variables that might influence the score that Petients and recorded to evaluate their own dental beauties were analyzed. To analyze the data, Chi-square, t test, ANOVA, Kappa statistic and multi-variable linear regression model were used.Results: Totally 252 individuals (92 males and 160 females) were evaluated. The girls thought treatment times was longer and the cost was very higher. One- third thought they need other dental treatment. The patients were often sent by doctors or dentist than their friends or family. 24.4% of patients who had TMD problems, mentioned them as the cause of their orthodontic treatment. The patients grades to selected C1 I pictures, had significant differences with each other (P<0.001).Conclusion: The individuals image of his teeth was influenced by external, functional and social factors.
