Homa Farhadifard; Mohammad Ali Keshvad; Aryan Hesamarefi; Elahe Soltan Mohammadi
Abstract
Self-ligating brackets are ligature-less brackets with the mechanical device built into them to close edgewise slot. It was claimed that self-ligating brackets (SLBs) have advantages over conventional-ligating brackets brackets (CLBs). The most claimed advantageous feature is reduced friction between ...
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Self-ligating brackets are ligature-less brackets with the mechanical device built into them to close edgewise slot. It was claimed that self-ligating brackets (SLBs) have advantages over conventional-ligating brackets brackets (CLBs). The most claimed advantageous feature is reduced friction between the archwire and the bracket and full archwire engagement, resulting in faster alignment and space closure. Greater arch expansion with less incisor proclination, also faster ligation, reduced number of visits and less pain is mentioned as the beneficial features of SLBs in different articles. In this review article, we compared SLBs with CBs in aspect of resistance to sliding, speed of archwire ligation, quality of alignment and amount of pain during treatment base on the most recent articles published in literature. We concluded that although self-ligating brackets are proved to have some advantages over conventional brackets, but more studies are needed to discard doubts about using them, routinely.
Sara Ghadimi; Mandana Tosifian; Ali Baghalian; Bahman Seraj
Abstract
Background: Crowding is one of the most prevalent types of malocclusion as well as a major problem in clinical orthodontics. It is essential to know the cause of crowding in order to achieve a better treatment.
Objectives: A longitudinal analysis of arch dimension changes in late primary and early mixed ...
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Background: Crowding is one of the most prevalent types of malocclusion as well as a major problem in clinical orthodontics. It is essential to know the cause of crowding in order to achieve a better treatment.
Objectives: A longitudinal analysis of arch dimension changes in late primary and early mixed dentition periods in children was designed and investigated the effect of eruption of precedence on the arch size in the samples under study.
Methods: This longitudinal study was carried out on 32 children aged 5.5 - 6.5 years who had no erupted permanent dentition. Impression was taken and the arch perimeter, depth and width as well as tooth size were measured by a digital calliper and a brass wire on casts. After eruption of the first permanent tooth, the second impression was taken; the above-mentioned parameters were measured on the second casts. Data were analysed by ANOVA test. Results: Four pattern of eruption of precedence were as follows: maxillary 1st molar, mandibular incisors, Mandibular 1st molars and simultaneous eruption of maxillary and mandibular 1st molars. With eruption of mandibular central incisors, inter canine width and overjet increased by 0.81 and 0.27 mm, respectively. The mandibular arch perimeter increased by 2.25 mm with simultaneous eruption of maxillary and mandibular permanent first molars. The maxillary arch perimeter increased by 1.25 mm and 1.50 mm with eruption of maxillary first molars and simultaneous eruption of maxillary permanent first molars, respectively.
Conclusions: Eruption precedence had a significant effect on changing mandibular inter canine width, maxillary arch perimeter, mandibular arch perimeter and overjet.
Tarulatha Revanappa Shyagali; Rachita Singh; Anil Tiwari; Abhishek Gupta
Abstract
Background: An attractive smile is often attributed to incisor alignment and proclined or retroclined incisors could contribute to a less aesthetic smile.Objectives: This study was aimed to evaluate the maxillary central incisor crown inclination, crown angulation and tooth size variation in aesthetic ...
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Background: An attractive smile is often attributed to incisor alignment and proclined or retroclined incisors could contribute to a less aesthetic smile.Objectives: This study was aimed to evaluate the maxillary central incisor crown inclination, crown angulation and tooth size variation in aesthetic and unattractive smiles.Methods: The study was conducted among 100 females (equally divided into aesthetic and unaesthetic smile groups), aged between 15 - 25 years, with Angle’s Class I normal occlusion and balanced profiles. Variations in maxillary central incisor crown inclination and angulation were measured on lateral cephalograms, photographs and the study models of the subjects. Variations in tooth morphology were also evaluated by measuring crown height and width in both groups. Mann-Whitney U test was performed to evaluate the difference between the aesthetic and unaesthetic smiles. P < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: This study showed that incisor angulation was significantly higher in the unaesthetic group compared to the aesthetic group (P < 0.001). However, there was no statistically significant difference for the incisor inclination relative to the Palatal Plane between the aesthetic and unaesthetic smile groups (P = 0.086). In addition, there were significant differences between the aesthetic and the non-aesthetic groups regarding the central incisor height (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that the possible variations in aesthetics are related to the ethnic elements that are associated with differences in crown angulations, as well as tooth size.
Nasrin Farhadian; Amirfarhang Miresmaeili; Vahid Mollabashi
Abstract
Introduction: Complications to force eruption of impacted teeth may arise from several reasons including ankylosis, dilaceration, and/or some barriers in the eruption pathway. Treatment time prolongation without obvious clinical progress gradually decreases the patient compliance. In this paper we present ...
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Introduction: Complications to force eruption of impacted teeth may arise from several reasons including ankylosis, dilaceration, and/or some barriers in the eruption pathway. Treatment time prolongation without obvious clinical progress gradually decreases the patient compliance. In this paper we present a non-conventional method to forced eruption of an impacted maxillary canine.
Case Presentation: A-21-year old girl presented with missing of teeth No 17, 12, 22, 27, 38, 37, 47, 48 and labially impaction of both maxillary canine was prepared for treatment through apically position flap for exposure of the both canines. Using standard edgewise 0.18 appliance and conventional elastic traction the right maxillary canine erupted to its normal position after about 18 months but the other tooth had not responded favorably to this technique. There was no signs of ankylosis, a titanium bone screw was placed in the labial cortical bone and mesial of the malposed canine. A spring is made of 0.017” × 0.025” SS wire with two helixes that delivered about 100 g force and 400 gr.mm activation moment to labial bracket on malposed canine crown. The force exerted on mini implant will be balanced with a force and moment on malposed tooth very similar to type IV Burston classification. After about 5 months the tooth had reached to its final occlusal position.
Conclusions: The appliance used for this patient brought the impacted canine into the arch without any more force on the neighbor teeth. Two point contact of the spring arm by bending the wire over the head of the mini implant made it possible to apply buccolingual crown torque.
Biomechanics
Prerna Pahuja; Divya Yadav; Harshita Gupta; Gurkeerat Singh; Monika Dahiya; Arisha Izhar; Akanksha Shukla; Deepali Bisht
Abstract
Aim: Among various retraction methods for space closure in first premolar extraction, the palatal approach is preferred to labial appliances in cases having high aesthetic demand. A finite element model and clinical randomized prospective trial was undertaken to determine the possibility of en-masse ...
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Aim: Among various retraction methods for space closure in first premolar extraction, the palatal approach is preferred to labial appliances in cases having high aesthetic demand. A finite element model and clinical randomized prospective trial was undertaken to determine the possibility of en-masse retraction of maxillary anterior teeth using palatal TAD and a clear aligner-like appliance in patients undergoing extraction of maxillary first premolars and to study the effects of the above using three-dimensional scanned models and lateral cephalograms.Methods: A finite element model of maxillary dentition with alveolar bone, an acrylic splint on six anterior teeth, palatal implants, and short e-chain were produced to measure shifting when force was applied from three various levels. Thereafter, the finite element analysis findings were applied to 10 patients requiring fixed orthodontic treatment with first premolar extraction and fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Impressions were made and the rate of retraction was evaluated at 4-week intervals by superimposition of scanned models.Results: En-masse bodily retraction was seen when both canine hooks and palatal TAD was placed at 10 mm distance from the respective gingival margin. Clinically, subjects showed significant retraction at that level and statistically significant results in some cases. The maximum rate of retraction was seen in the first three months (average: 5.310 mm) with p-value <0.0001.Conclusion: Translational tooth movement was observed when line of force was at the level of the center of resistance.
Victor de Miranda Ladewig; Renata Rodrigues Almeida-Pedrin; Leopoldino Capelozza-Filho; Karla de Souza Vasconcelos Coelho; Aline Ortyz Lyra; Ana Claudia de Castro Ferreira Conti
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and correlate the degree of maturation of the midpalatal suture (MPS) and zygomaticomaxillary suture (ZMS).Methods: The sample consisted of 160 orthodontic patients, aged between 11 and 20 years, 59 men and 101 women, from archives of private clinics. Patients ...
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Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and correlate the degree of maturation of the midpalatal suture (MPS) and zygomaticomaxillary suture (ZMS).Methods: The sample consisted of 160 orthodontic patients, aged between 11 and 20 years, 59 men and 101 women, from archives of private clinics. Patients who presented Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images in their initial orthodontic file were selected. CBCT images were exported to the InvivoDental5 program (Anatomage, San Jose, California), where axial MPS sections were used to evaluate the maturation stage, and cross-sectional sections in the coronal plane were used to evaluate the maturation of the ZMS. Spearman's correlation coefficient, McNemar-Bowker symmetry test and kappa agreement test with quadratic weighting were used to assess the correlation between the maturation stages of MPS and ZMS. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to verify the effect of age and gender on the classification. In all statistical tests, a significance level of 5% was adopted.Results: The MPS and ZMS displayed a significant correlation between their maturation stages. ZMS tended to present earlier maturation. Taking into account only the individuals from MPS stage C, an earlier ZMS stage was observed in 4.4% while a more advanced ZMS stage was observed in 24.37%. Among older individuals, this prevalence was 36.36%, thus 69.69% had an unfavorable prognosis for RME, following the proposed method.Conclusion: The correlation between the maturation stages of MPS and ZMS increases the reliability of the RME prognosis through individual morphological evaluation of sutures.
Dentofacial Orthopedics
Parastoo Namdar; Hamed Karkhi; Nika Rezaeikalantari; Aboalfazl Hosseinnataj; Mojtaba Namdar; Shahin Arab; Maziar Khatami; Atena Shiva
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to compare the incidence of mucosal lesions and pain during orthodontic treatment with fixed versus removable orthodontic appliances.
Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 58 patients with fixed orthodontic appliances and 58 patients with removable orthodontic appliances, ...
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Aim: This study aimed to compare the incidence of mucosal lesions and pain during orthodontic treatment with fixed versus removable orthodontic appliances.
Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 58 patients with fixed orthodontic appliances and 58 patients with removable orthodontic appliances, all aged between 15 and 30 years. The presence and location of lesions were recorded at two time points: two weeks and four weeks after the start of the study. Additionally, the level of pain experienced by the patients was quantified at these same time points using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The Chi-square test was used to compare the frequency of oral lesions between the two groups at the onset of treatment. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the pain score at the onset of treatment between the two groups. The level of significance was set at 0.05.
Results: The frequency of traumatic lesions at two and four weeks was significantly higher in the fixed group (P<0.050). The frequency of traumatic and allergic lesions increased with time in both groups (P<0.050). Lichenoid reactions, candidiasis, and exophytic lesions were only detected in the removable treatment group. At two and four weeks, the frequency of lesions in the buccal mucosa was significantly higher than in other areas in the fixed group (P<0.050). At four weeks, the pain score of patients was higher in the fixed treatment group (P<0.050).
Conclusion: At four weeks, the frequency of lesions was higher in the fixed group. Buccal mucosa was the most common location of lesions in both groups. Pain in the fixed group was higher than the removable group at four weeks.
Amir Reza Rokn; Allahyar Geramy; Hadi Zare
Abstract
Hyperdontia is more common in the permanent dentition than primary teeth. The rampancy of hyperdontia in the permanent dentition is reported to vary between 0.1 and 3.8 % and its rampancy in the primary dentition is found to be 0.3-0.8 %. A 20-year-old woman contacted the Faculty Practice Clinic at the ...
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Hyperdontia is more common in the permanent dentition than primary teeth. The rampancy of hyperdontia in the permanent dentition is reported to vary between 0.1 and 3.8 % and its rampancy in the primary dentition is found to be 0.3-0.8 %. A 20-year-old woman contacted the Faculty Practice Clinic at the Tehran University with concern regarding tooth caries. The panoramic radiography showed seven retained supernumerary teeth. Several clinical exams were then performed to rule out the presence of systemic pathology, and they all showed normal results. It is reported that the premolar region in the lower arch is the most common place for supernumerary teeth. Worldwide; many studies have reported the prevalence of supernumerary canines, which has been estimated from 0 to 1.5%. In our case occlusion was normal and no discrepancies observed.
Cephalometry
Hosur Krishnaiah Vedavathi; Priyanka Roy; Prasanna Kumar P Shashanka; Sowmya Kyathanahalli Subbaiah
Abstract
Aim: Frankfurt horizontal and Sella-Nasion lines are the most widely accepted and used landmarks in cephalometric analysis. This study investigates the use of the Orbito-Condylion line extending from the Orbitale to the Condylion as a novel horizontal line for substituting the Frankfurt horizontal line. ...
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Aim: Frankfurt horizontal and Sella-Nasion lines are the most widely accepted and used landmarks in cephalometric analysis. This study investigates the use of the Orbito-Condylion line extending from the Orbitale to the Condylion as a novel horizontal line for substituting the Frankfurt horizontal line. Similarly, the evaluation of the Orbito-Basion line as an alternative to the Sella-Nasion line in cephalometric analysis was done. We evaluated the reproducibility of the new horizontal lines and measured the angle between the Orbito-Condylion line and the Frankfurt line; and the angle between the Sella-Nasion and Orbitale-Basion line.Methods: This investigation was carried out on 30 individuals. The Porion, Orbitale, Condylion, Sella, Nasion, and Basion were identified and marked. The angles between the orbito-meatal line (inferior orbital rim to the Porion; the Frankfurt line) and the Orbito-Condylion line (inferior orbital rim to the Condylion) were measured. Likewise, the angles between the Sella-Nasion line (center of sella tursica to Nasion) and the Orbito-Basion line (inferior orbital rim to Basion) were measured.Results: Significant interobserver and intraobserver bias did not exist. The mean angle between the Frankfurt line and Orbito-Condylion line was 0.5°±2.27° and the mean angle between the Sella-Nasion line and Orbito-Basion line was 3.48°±3.11°.Conclusion: This study showed the new lines have good reproducibility, reliability, and efficacy. The Orbito-Condylion and Orbito-Basion lines are reliable, reproducible, and easily identifiable, and has the potential as novel standard horizontal lines to supersede or complement the Frankfurt line and Sella-Nasion line in anthropological studies and clinical applications.
Amirhossein Mirhashemi; Nasim Chiniforush; Rashin Bahrami
Abstract
Aim: Tooth bleaching is known as a non-invasive, cosmetic treatment option. It has been noted that bleaching has a detrimental impact on bond quality of enamel. With increasing adult patients who need multidisciplinary treatments, concurrency of bleaching with other treatments such as composite filling ...
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Aim: Tooth bleaching is known as a non-invasive, cosmetic treatment option. It has been noted that bleaching has a detrimental impact on bond quality of enamel. With increasing adult patients who need multidisciplinary treatments, concurrency of bleaching with other treatments such as composite filling or orthodontic treatment in which bond quality to enamel plays an important role, a dilemma has arisen. This review aimed to evaluate the impact of the laser-assisted bleaching technique on bond quality of enamel to brackets drawn from the available literature.Methods: All original articles that evaluated the effect of laser-assisted bleaching on bond strength of enamel in MEDLINE (NCBI PubMed and PMC), EMBASE, Scopus, Corchane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were assessed until July 2022.Results: Six in-vitro studies were entered into this review. All of them evaluated bond strength of orthodontic brackets to bleached enamel expect one, in which composite resin bond to bleached enamel was examined. Several laser types including Nd:YAG, Er:YAG, CO2, diode, and LED were used in these studies. A few studies indicated that bond strength of bleached enamel is higher after laser-assisted bleaching compared to the conventional bleaching technique, whereas others did not.Conclusion: In cases of immediate bonding to bleached enamel, the laser-assisted bleaching approach is recommended. There is still a need for more studies in this field because of the high diversity of laser types, bleaching agents, and type of adhesives that have been introduced to the market recently.
Microbiology
Maryam Omidkhoda; Ali Kazemian; Seyedeh Zahra Siadatifar; Athar Nasseri
Abstract
Aim: The COVID-19 pandemic has presented significant challenges for healthcare professionals, particularly in the field of dentistry. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in infection control measures in dentistry before and during the pandemic among Iranian dentists.Methods: An analytical cross-sectional ...
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Aim: The COVID-19 pandemic has presented significant challenges for healthcare professionals, particularly in the field of dentistry. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in infection control measures in dentistry before and during the pandemic among Iranian dentists.Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from June to December 2020, and included dental healthcare professionals (DHCPs) practicing dentistry in Iran. Participants completed a web-based survey that included demographic profiles, practice-related details, and information on implemented infection control measures. Data were subjected to statistical analysis using the software SPSS v. 26, and a P-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 303 dentists, 200 (66%) of whom practiced specialized dentistry and 103 (34%) were general dentists, responded to the questionnaire. The majority of participating dentists (85.5%) were aware of the importance of patient screening for COVID-19 symptoms. There was a statistically significant rise in adherence to hand hygiene practices. The utilization of personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves, masks, and face shields also exhibited significant increases amid the pandemic. Dentists shifted from using surgical masks to N95 respirators (p=0.05) and white coats to disposable gowns (p<0.001). We noted a significantly greater tendency towards adopting air ventilation systems, surface disinfection and prescribing preprocedural mouth rinses among DHCPs.Conclusion: The study findings indicate increased compliance with infection control protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic among Iranian DHCPs and highlight the modifications made to infection control measures in dentistry.
Behnam KhosravaniFard; Asal Fetrati; Hesam Rahimi; Elmira Asadi
Abstract
Since the publication of Angle’s definition of malocclusion types, many cephalometric researches have been carried out to determine characteristics of Class II division 2 malocclusions; however controversies still remain.
Considering the fact that a high percentage of patients seeking orthodontic ...
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Since the publication of Angle’s definition of malocclusion types, many cephalometric researches have been carried out to determine characteristics of Class II division 2 malocclusions; however controversies still remain.
Considering the fact that a high percentage of patients seeking orthodontic treatment have this malocclusion, the present study was conducted in order to investigate Cross-Sectionally the cephalometric characteristics of Class II/2 malocclusions in 8-12 years old patients of Tehran Orthodontic Clinics.
Patients’ files and pretreatment dental casts were screened, 30 Class II Division2 (17 girls, 13 boys) and 30 normal occlusion subjects were selected, each lateral cephalograms was traced and 36 dental and skeletal parameters were measured. Moreover student t test was carried out to assess the differences between malocclusion groups. Besides maxillary incisal position (retruded in class II/2 group) which was used as an inclusion criterion, the following differences were observed:
1-The maxillary position is retruded compared to normal group.
2-The mandibular length is longer but its sagittal position is retruded.
3-The chin is more prominent.
4-The mandibular growth vector is horizontally oriented and the mandibular plane is flat, creating the appearance of a hypodivergent facial pattern. So Lower anterior facial height was on average smaller.
5-And finally retroclination of mandibular incisors compared to normal group is evident. These findings indicate that besides the dental characteristics, Class II/2 malocclusion patients are also skeletally different from normal occlusion group to a certain extent.
Orthodontics
Pranshu Mathur; Shally Mahajan; Aftab Azam; Ashish Chauhan; Ragni Tandon
Abstract
Aim: The objective of this study was to compare tooth movement using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and the conventional method in patients with moderate crowding during the leveling and aligning phase.Methods: Fifty patients with moderate crowding in the maxillary arch were chosen. Split-mouth design was ...
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Aim: The objective of this study was to compare tooth movement using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and the conventional method in patients with moderate crowding during the leveling and aligning phase.Methods: Fifty patients with moderate crowding in the maxillary arch were chosen. Split-mouth design was planned with one quadrant allotted as the experimental group (PRP side) and the other as the control group. Five injection sites were pre-defined: distal surface of the root of the central incisor, mesial and distal root surfaces of the lateral incisor and canine. After the extraction of the permanent maxillary first premolars, PRP was injected at various sites on the experimental side while the other side served as the control group. In each group, four times were studied: 0(T0), 21(T1), 42(T2), and 63(T3) days after injection. Tooth movement was measured using a digital vernier caliper and statistical analysis was done using paired t-test.Results: Significant amount of tooth movement was seen at 21 days (p<0.001). No significant difference in tooth movement was found at 42 days (p=0.265) and 63 days (p=0.104) after injection.Conclusion: Platelet-Rich Plasma is responsible for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement in patients with moderate crowding when injected during the leveling and aligning phase for the first 21 days after injection although it was non-effective after 42 and 63 days.
Girish Chaudhary; Anshul Chaudhry; Armaan Pandher; Priyanka Kapoor; Aman Chowdhry; Sanghamitra Jena
Abstract
Aim: The original Demirjian method for dental age estimation is very lengthy, because it involves a number of charts to estimate the dental age. So, a simplified comprehensive chart (DAEcc) was developed to facilitate dental age estimation by the Demirjian method. The aim of the study was to check the ...
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Aim: The original Demirjian method for dental age estimation is very lengthy, because it involves a number of charts to estimate the dental age. So, a simplified comprehensive chart (DAEcc) was developed to facilitate dental age estimation by the Demirjian method. The aim of the study was to check the applicability and reproducibility of the simplified comprehensive DAEcc chart for dental age estimation by a group of dental interns.Methods: Twenty-eight interns were trained to identify the correct stage of calcification on dental radiographs by tracing seven mandibular permanent teeth (lower central and lateral incisors, canine, first and second premolars, first and second molars in the fourth quadrant) on orthopantomographs of the left side. After assigning the corresponding scores, all the scores were summed up and ease of applicability of the simplified method was assessed for dental age estimation.Results: The correlation coefficient between chronological age and dental age as estimated by the interns was 0.995, which showed an excellent correlation; and the average time taken by the interns for the interpretation was 1-2 minutes, which is much less compared to the original method. The excellent correlation and the little time taken by the interns, demonstrate the ease of applicability of this modified chart.Conclusion: Dental age was correctly estimated by dental interns by applying this simplified chart in a significantly shorter time period.
Orthodontics
Almamoon Khan; Nazir Ahmad; Arsalan Hamid Khan; Aasim Mahmood
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the maxillary transverse dimensions in individuals with palatal impacted maxillary canines relative to the control group without dental impactions using cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT). Methods: Sixty CBCT images of the individuals were ...
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Aim: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the maxillary transverse dimensions in individuals with palatal impacted maxillary canines relative to the control group without dental impactions using cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT). Methods: Sixty CBCT images of the individuals were classified into two groups: 29 in the palatal impacted canine group and 31 in the control group. To determine the maxillary width at four levels, CBCT DICOM files were processed using the software OnDemand 3D to analyze maxillary transverse parameters. Basal width at molar (BWM), alveolar width at first molar (AWM), basal width at premolar (BWPM), and alveolar width at premolar (AWPM) were the four levels at which the maxillary transverse dimensions were measured. The independent T- test was utilized when comparing the impacted canine group and the control group. The level of statistical significance was set at a P-value less than 0.05 for all tests.Results: Regarding the transverse maxillary measurement, there was no significant difference between the impacted canine group and the control group for the BWM, BWPM, and AWPM (P≥0.05). For the AWM, statistically significant differences were not found between the maxillary palatal impacted canine group and the control group (P=0.05).Conclusion: No significant differences were observed between the impacted canine group and the control group in terms of maxillary transverse dimensions. Further research is needed to explore the relationship between maxillary canine impaction and maxillary transverse dimensions.
Zohre Tabatabaei; Soghra Yasaei; Mohamad Danesh Ardakani; Said Aghaei Mohamadi
Abstract
Aim: Ideal facial esthetic and smile as one of it's components are the major topics in orthodontic treatment. One important goal in modern orthodontics is harmony between facial soft tissue in static and dynamic state. The objective of this study is evaluation of correlation between facial index and ...
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Aim: Ideal facial esthetic and smile as one of it's components are the major topics in orthodontic treatment. One important goal in modern orthodontics is harmony between facial soft tissue in static and dynamic state. The objective of this study is evaluation of correlation between facial index and modified smile index (MSI). Materials and methods: This study was a descriptive-cross sectional study. 130 patients who referred to orthodontic department of dental faculty of Yazd shahid sadoughi university of medical science were chosen. The facial index of subjects were determined on the basis of Farkas study as (N’-Gn’÷Zy-Zy ×100). Then photographs of their social smile from frontal view were captured and inter commissural distance (IC) and inter labial gap(ILG) were also measured and MSI was determined as [(ILG÷IC)×100]. By using SPSS software and statistical analysis (T-test and Pearson correlation) mean value of MSI and facial index was attained in men and women and The correlation rate between facial index and MSI was also evaluated. Results: The results of statistical analysis (T-test and Pearson correlation) showed that: The facial index mean value was 107.68±7.15 (108.39±7.26 in men and 106.98±7.03 in women).there was no statistical difference between 2 sexes. (Pvalue: 0.265) The MSI mean value was 17.76±3.79 (17.33±3.75 in men and 18.19±3.80 in women).there was no statistical difference between two sexes.(Pvalue:0.198) There was no statistical correlation between facial index and MSI (Pvalue:0.920).Conclusion: There are different faces and MSI but there is no correlation between facial form and smile type.
Orthodontics
Nirali Mehulbhai Shah; Khyati Viral Patel; Ajay Kubavat; Manish Desai; Harshit Arvindbhai Patel; Nikunj Harikrushn Prajapati
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the in vitro study was to examine the enamel surface after the application of four different methods for adhesive removal following the bracket debonding procedure, as well as to compare their effects on enamel surface.Methods: Premolars (n=60) were randomly assigned to four groups. After ...
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Aim: The aim of the in vitro study was to examine the enamel surface after the application of four different methods for adhesive removal following the bracket debonding procedure, as well as to compare their effects on enamel surface.Methods: Premolars (n=60) were randomly assigned to four groups. After initial debonding and recording the shear bond strength (SBS), adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were assessed. The removal method for each of the four groups was the use of 1) a round bur, 2) rubber wheel bur, 3)12 fluted tungsten carbide bur, and 4) scaler. After that, teeth in all four groups were kept in artificial saliva for one month. After rebonding with a new bracket, again the SBS and ARI scores were measured. Two representative samples from each group were examined under a scanning electron microscope. ……. P-value <0.05 was considered as significant. ANOVA test was used to assess the SBS association within the group. Paired T test was used to assess the SBS between the group. fisher’s exact test was performed to compare ARI index before and after.Results: There was significant decrease in secondary SBS value in group 1 but significant increase in secondary SBS value in group 3, and a slight decrease in SBS value in group 4. In SEM images, there were composite remnants in all the four groups with fewer remnants in group 2. Enamel surface damage was observed in the SEM image of group 3. ARI scores showed no significant difference.Conclusion: Adhesive remnant removal efficiency of the round bur and scaler are less. Rubber wheel bur is a good choice of instrument for removal of adhesive remnants from tooth surface as it does not affect the bond strength. Tungsten carbide bur shows good results, as secondary bonding SBS value increased. Significant difference between ARI scores did not exist, indicating a higher number of mixed type failure in all groups.
Arash Farzan; Niki Farrokhi; Kamyar Mansori
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to assess the feedback of patients regarding orthodontic treatment during the coronavirus pandemic of 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: In this observational study, keywords related to orthodontic treatment along with either “corona” or “COVID” were searched in Twitter ...
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Aim: This study aimed to assess the feedback of patients regarding orthodontic treatment during the coronavirus pandemic of 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: In this observational study, keywords related to orthodontic treatment along with either “corona” or “COVID” were searched in Twitter during a two-month period from 2 October 2020 to 12 October 2021. The retrieved tweets were categorized into five themes of pain, getting braces, limitations due to COVID-19, seeking information, and delayed treatment based on content, and were then manually categorized into three groups of positive, neutral, and negative tweets. Next, a coding system was designed by the software MAXQDA, and the tweets were coded. Data were analyzed by the analysis feature of MAXQDA.Results: Of a total of 424 tweets retrieved, 95 were excluded. The majority of the tweets were about limitations due to COVID-19 (n=156) and were negative (n=213). Also, the majority of the tweets were posted by female users (67.5%). The most common reason for the negative tweets of patients was delayed treatment (43.9%). Also, poor performance of orthodontic clinics and orthodontists with regard to informing and reassuring the patients about protective measures was another reason for the negative tweets of patients (12.5%).Conclusion: Delayed treatment was the most common cause of patient dissatisfaction followed by poor awareness and reassurance of patients regarding adherence to the preventive measures and hygienic protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Orthodontics
Kazem Dalaie; Shabnam Dadkhah; Mohammad Behnaz; Yaser Safi; Soodeh Tahmasbi; Yasamin Vazirizadeh
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to assess the relationship of upper pharyngeal airway volume with tongue position in different sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Methods: CBCT images of 225 participants (149 females, 76 males) over 18 years of age were evaluated ...
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Aim: This study aimed to assess the relationship of upper pharyngeal airway volume with tongue position in different sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Methods: CBCT images of 225 participants (149 females, 76 males) over 18 years of age were evaluated in three groups with sagittal Class I, II, and III skeletal patterns. Class I and II individuals were subdivided into three vertical subgroups high angle, normal, and low angle. The CBCT scans were evaluated three-dimensionally, and the volume of the lower nasopharynx (LNP), oropharynx (ORP), and velopharynx (VLP) was calculated in addition to the total upper pharyngeal airway volume (TV). The tongue position (according to Graber’s analysis and D1-D5 and D1’-D5’ lines) was determined, and the tongue height (TGH) was measured. Data were analyzed by one-way and two-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test, and Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation tests (a=0.05).Results: The volume of the LNP was significantly larger in Class II than in Class III patients (P<0.05). VLP volume (r>0.5, P<0.05) and TV (r>0.5, P<0.05) in Class I high angle participants had a significant correlation with D1.Conclusion: The present results showed greater LNP volume in Class II than in Class III individuals. In some variables (VLP, ORP, TV, intraoral airway volume) no significant difference was observed between different sagittal and vertical groups. Most of the airway variables (TV, VLP, ORP) had no correlations with some tongue variables (TGH, D1, D3, D4, D4’, D5, intraoral airway volume) in different skeletal patterns.
Orthodontics
Kalashri K K; Goutham B Reddy; Sunil Muddaiah; Sanju Somaiah; Balakrishnak K Shetty; Namitha Nanu
Abstract
Aim: Orthodontists and patients prefer minimal time for orthodontic treatment. The submucosal injection ofplatelet-rich plasma (PRP) helps to provide tooth movement without surgery or alveolar bone loss. Thepurpose of this research was to assess the rate of space closure using PRP injection with the ...
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Aim: Orthodontists and patients prefer minimal time for orthodontic treatment. The submucosal injection ofplatelet-rich plasma (PRP) helps to provide tooth movement without surgery or alveolar bone loss. Thepurpose of this research was to assess the rate of space closure using PRP injection with the conventionalmethod.Methods: In this preliminary study, 10 patients aged 14-20 years, requiring first premolar extractions in botharches using MBT technique were included. This was a split-mouth study wherein, on one side (experimental),space closure was done using a submucosal injection of 0.7 ml PRP, and the other side (control) was subjectedto conventional space closure using an active tie back with a constant force of 200 gm. Statistical analysis wasperformed using a paired t-test. P-value <0.05 was set for statistical significance.Results: The findings of the research showed no significant difference in the rate of space closure between thecase and control groups in the maxilla (P=0.073); however, there was a significant difference between theexperimental and control groupsin the mandible (P=0.04).Conclusion: Analyzing space closure rate between the control and experimental side showed that PRPinjection did affect the acceleration of space closure in the mandible.
Dentofacial Orthopedics
Farzin Heravi; Farzaneh laalalizadeh; Majid Ghanbarzadeh; Mahsa Ghorbani
Abstract
Aim: Maxillary transverse deficiencies pose significant challenges in orthodontics, necessitating effective treatment methods. Traditional approaches like rapid maxillary expansion (RME) have demonstrated limitations, especially in skeletally mature patients. Skeletal anchorage-based expansion methods, ...
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Aim: Maxillary transverse deficiencies pose significant challenges in orthodontics, necessitating effective treatment methods. Traditional approaches like rapid maxillary expansion (RME) have demonstrated limitations, especially in skeletally mature patients. Skeletal anchorage-based expansion methods, such as miniscrew-assisted rapid maxillary expansion (MARME), have emerged as viable alternatives, offering advantages in terms of reduced dental side effects and improved stability.Report of a Case: A 14-year-old female presented with a severely constricted maxillary arch and intricate occlusal issues. This case report details the utilization of MARME as a treatment modality. Miniscrews were strategically placed by an orthodontist specialist, and the expansion process was carefully monitored. Post-treatment outcomes revealed a significant increase in midpalatal suture opening width, showcasing the effectiveness of MARME. Cone beam computed tomography images demonstrated a notable expansion of the transverse dimension, leading to improved occlusal relationships.Conclusion: Skeletal anchorage-based expansion, particularly MARME, stands out as a preferred method for addressing maxillary constriction in adolescents. This case serves as an illustration of the feasibility and distinctive advantages of Temporary Anchorage Devices (TADs) in the context of maxillary expansion for skeletally mature patients.
Orthodontics
Farhad Sobouti; Reza Aliza deh-Navaei; Mehran Armin; Anahita Lotfizadeh; Mehdi Aryana; Sepideh Dadgar
Volume 15, Issue 2 , September 2020, , Pages 1-4
Abstract
Introduction: Orthodontics is defined as a branch of dentistry that deals with the correction of malocclusion. In this regard, determining the most appropriate time for orthodontic treatment is of utmost importance. General dental practitioners (GDPs) are normally the first link of the treatment chain ...
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Introduction: Orthodontics is defined as a branch of dentistry that deals with the correction of malocclusion. In this regard, determining the most appropriate time for orthodontic treatment is of utmost importance. General dental practitioners (GDPs) are normally the first link of the treatment chain of patients needing orthodontic treatments. The present study aimed to determine the GDPs’ knowledge of appropriate timing of orthodontic treatments in Sari, Iran. Material and methods: This descriptive, analytical and cross-sectional study was performed on GDPs working in Sari in 2019. The statistical population included 380 GDPs, 186 of whom were selected. Data were collected using a 24-item questionnaire is applied to evaluate the GDPs’ knowledge level of the appropriate timing of orthodontic treatments. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 19.Results: In total, 142 out of 186 GDPs participated in the study with a mean age of 36.12±10.15 years. 86 subjects (59.9%) had less than 10 years of work experience. Total mean (±SD) knowledge level of the GDPs was estimated at a moderate level (14.13±3.79). Percentage of the knowledge levels of poor, moderate and good was 12, 70, and 18, respectively. There was significant relationship between knowledge level and gender (P=0.013). Meanwhile, no association was observed between the work experience of the participants and their level of knowledge (P=0.393).
Conclusions: According to the results of the present study, the total mean score of GDPs’ knowledge of appropriate timing of orthodontic treatments in Sari was moderate, and only 12% of the participants had poor knowledge level in this regard. It is notable that male subjects had a significantly higher knowledge level, and another analysis demonstrated the lack of effectiveness of work experience on the knowledge level of individuals.
Shekoufeh Mohammadi; Ladan Eslamian; Reza Motamedian
Volume 15, Issue 2 , September 2020, , Pages 1-7
Abstract
Context: The nose and lips area play an important role in facial appearance and nasolabial angle (NLA) can be considered as a determinant factor for attractiveness. The perception of beauty and attractiveness is vastly influenced by media and thus, can change with trends over time. The aim of this study ...
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Context: The nose and lips area play an important role in facial appearance and nasolabial angle (NLA) can be considered as a determinant factor for attractiveness. The perception of beauty and attractiveness is vastly influenced by media and thus, can change with trends over time. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of literature on NLA in faces perceived as attractive over time and in different ethnic groups.
Evidence acquisition: This study was performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guideline. We conducted an electronic search using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases with the employment of MeSH and free text terms "beauty"[MeSH], "esthetics"[MeSH], "soft tissue", "nasolabial angle", "attractive" and "cephalometric analysis". The inclusion criteria were studies that indicated facial attractiveness by a panel of at least 10 judges, evaluated the soft tissue profile characteristics, and reported the preferred NLA.
Results: The search results revealed 271 related articles, of which 21 studies investigated NLA as a conducive factor in profile attractiveness and were included in the review. The range of preferred NLA was 86° to 107° for men and 84° to 123.12° for women.
Conclusions: The most pleasing lip position and subsequently NLA is influenced by variables including the observer and subject’s gender, and their ethnic background as well as time. Over all, NLA in faces perceived as attractive is more obtuse in women than men. Compared to white norms, NLA is more acute among Chinese and African-Americans, while amongst Iranian women, it is not distinctly far from north American Caucasians. Over the course of time, preferred NLA has significantly changed in women but has been unwavering in men.
Farzaneh Golfeshan; Parisa Salehi; Kimiya Beygi
Volume 15, Issue 2 , September 2020, , Pages 1-8
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this research was to compare the orthodontic treatment need and demand using Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and Occlusal Index (OI) among dentistry students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed ...
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Objective: The objective of this research was to compare the orthodontic treatment need and demand using Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and Occlusal Index (OI) among dentistry students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 113 dental students in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The demand for orthodontic treatment was assessed using a standardized questionnaire and 10 photographs of Aesthetic Component (AC) of IOTN for the self-assessment of subjects about their dental attractiveness. Occlusal Index (OI) and Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI), which were calculated by clinical examination and dental model analysis, were used to assess the orthodontic treatment need. Students with a history of orthodontic treatment were excluded.
Results: Final analysis was done on 113 cases (48 men and 65 women). The study showed that there was a significant relationship between the demand for orthodontic treatment and the self-assessment of subjects about their dental attractiveness (according to the photograph they had chosen)(p=0.015). There is also a significant relationship between the self-assessment of subjects about their dental attractiveness (according to the photographs) and the orthodontic treatment need based on DAI (p=0.008). Furthermore, a significant connection was found between the self-assessment of subjects about their dental attractiveness (according to the photographs) and the orthodontic treatment need based on OI. (p<0.001).
Conclusions: The results of our study revealed that both indices show that the need for orthodontic treatment is in line with the demand, which could be used for planning public orthodontic and dental services.
Parastoo Namdar; Atena Shiva; Tahura Etezadi; Jamshid YazdaniCharati; Hossein Karami; Sina Iri
Volume 15, Issue 2 , September 2020, , Pages 1-5
Abstract
Introduction: Iran lies in the world’s thalassemia belt; accordingly, the beta-thalassemia gene is carried by 4% of the Iranian population. Due to the dearth of research and literature available on the prevalence of malocclusions in the Iranian population with beta-thalassemia major, this study ...
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Introduction: Iran lies in the world’s thalassemia belt; accordingly, the beta-thalassemia gene is carried by 4% of the Iranian population. Due to the dearth of research and literature available on the prevalence of malocclusions in the Iranian population with beta-thalassemia major, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and severity of facial abnormalities among patients who were referred to Bu-Ali Sina Hospital, Sari, Iran.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 patients with thalassemia major who were referred to the care unit of Bu-Ali Sina teaching and therapeutic Hospital, Sari, Iran, in 2018. The patients were then visited by a trained dentist who had been given the necessary theoretical and practical training. Malocclusion was classified based on Angle’s classification. Spacing, overcrowding, overjet, and overbite were measured, and the distances were recorded based on a checklist.
Results: The prevalence of malocclusions obtained was 87.5%, which includedmalocclusions of Class I (34%), Class II (31%), and Classes III (22%) amongst patients. There was no significant relationship between the type of malocclusion and gender (P = 0.77). Moreover, no significant difference was observed among patients with thalassemia major and different classes of malocclusions in terms of age both in males (P = 0.49) and females (P = 0.58).
Conclusions: Malocclusions are common among adolescents and adults with thalassemia, which is not associated with age or gender. Therefore, patients should be regularly visited and followed up by a dentist to manage and control their dental problems. In addition, effective and preventive measures, as well as health education should be seriously considered in these patients.
