S M Laxmikanth; Sameer Ahmad Malik; C S Ramachandra; Sushruth Shetty; Anjana Shetty; Ashok Kumar; Ronnie Joseph
Tahereh Hosseinzadeh Nik; Fatemeh Gorjizadeh
Abstract
Hemifacial macrosomia (HFM) is the second most common facial congenital anomaly. Deficiency of hard and soft tissue on one side of the face is its obvious clinical finding, which can cause facial asymmetry. Hemifacial microsomia is described in three grades of severity, although grade II has two subgroups ...
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Hemifacial macrosomia (HFM) is the second most common facial congenital anomaly. Deficiency of hard and soft tissue on one side of the face is its obvious clinical finding, which can cause facial asymmetry. Hemifacial microsomia is described in three grades of severity, although grade II has two subgroups (mild and severe). Many anomalies can be misdiagnosed with different grades of Hemifacial microsomia, e.g. Treacher Collins syndrome, traumatic postnatal deformity, Goldenhar syndrome, hemi mandibular elongation, Parry-Romberg syndrome, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, Nager acrofacial dysostosis syndrome, post axial acrofacial dysostosis, muscle dysfunction, branchio-oto-renal syndrome and Maxillofacial dysostosis. The first step to treating patients with HFM, is an accurate diagnosis. Decision making for treatment planning of patients with HFM, is highly dependent on the severity of the deformity and patients age. In mild grades of the anomaly, functional therapy can improve facial and occlusal symmetry when they are young, but in more severe grades, imposition of orthopedic treatment, may be undesirable and waste of time. Early surgical interventions to encourage the growth in the affected condyle may be helpful in severe cases; however, consultation with the surgeon is advised to determine the patients who need early surgery. Distraction osteogenesis is a controversial treatment modality, which still needs more long-term studies.
Elahe Soltanmohamadi Borujeni; Homa Farhadifard
Abstract
Context: The use of skeletal anchorage not only changed how far teeth can be moved, but also offered more treatment options to patients and clinicians. So many orthodontists use them in severe malocclusions to save patient from orthognatic surgery and the other invasive treatment plans. So our information ...
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Context: The use of skeletal anchorage not only changed how far teeth can be moved, but also offered more treatment options to patients and clinicians. So many orthodontists use them in severe malocclusions to save patient from orthognatic surgery and the other invasive treatment plans. So our information about them must increase to use them in a right way.
Evidence Acquisition: To know recent findings about miniscrews and their use in orthodontic treatments
Results: In this review article, by focusing on the newest papers published in PubMed (from 2010 - 2015) we want to survey the most common applications of miniscrews in today orthodontics. To ease reading this paper, applications where divided into 7 groups. Almost all of papers used in this article had a common conclusion about safety and effectiveness of miniscrews in treatment of patients.
Conclusions: miniscrews are helpful in increasing treatment options for various malocclusions and they make treatment simpler, shorter and more comfortable for patients and clinicians.
Sidra Butt; Imtiaz Ahmed
Abstract
Background: The forensic anthropologists have been vastly studied the dimorphism in teeth, hair, pelvis, skull and in bone sizes.
Objectives: To investigate the gender dimorphic potential of cephalometric parameters. Materials and Methods: Thirteen angular and twenty-one linear lateral cephalometric ...
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Background: The forensic anthropologists have been vastly studied the dimorphism in teeth, hair, pelvis, skull and in bone sizes.
Objectives: To investigate the gender dimorphic potential of cephalometric parameters. Materials and Methods: Thirteen angular and twenty-one linear lateral cephalometric measurements were analyzed on randomly selected manual tracings of sixty-nine male and sixty-nine female cephalograms between the ages twenty to fifty years. Results: 91.3% males correctly classified in the data, on the basis of discriminant function we made, similarly, 97.1% females were correctly classified in their specific group by the help of this discriminant function. The percentage of skulls correctly classified with this function was 94.2%.
Conclusions: 94.2% of original grouped cases correctly classified. For higher results extensive research with large sample size and both linear and angular cranial dimorphic traits for gender identification is proposed.
Parviz Padisar; Roya Naseh; Afshin Babakhani; Solmaz Jalayer
Abstract
Background: Different indices have been used to determine orthodontic treatment needs such as the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and the index of orthodontic treatment needs (IOTN).
Objectives: The present study was carried on to compare the dental aesthetic index (DAI) and the IOTN’s dental health ...
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Background: Different indices have been used to determine orthodontic treatment needs such as the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and the index of orthodontic treatment needs (IOTN).
Objectives: The present study was carried on to compare the dental aesthetic index (DAI) and the IOTN’s dental health component (DHC) in assessment of orthodontic treatment needs of 11 - 14 year old schoolchildren in Qazvin.
Methods: In a cross-sectional descriptive study, 250 of 11 - 14 year old schoolchildren from two school districts of Qazvin were selected by a two-stage stratified cluster sampling method and their AC scores were determined according to the orthodontist and child’s own idea. Also the subjects’ DHC and DAI scores were determined according to the existing standards. The patients’ demographic data were recorded by means of a questionnaire and correlations between AC’s as determined by the subject and by the orthodontist, as well as scores of the DHC and the DAI, were analyzed using Spearman correlation ratio. Results: The mean of AC score as determined by the subject was 2.556, while the scores by the orthodontist were 4.308; while DHC score was 2.60 and DAI score was 26.86. The coefficient of correlation between students and specialist AC, students AC and DAI, specialist AC and DHC, specialist AC and the DAI,DHC and the DAI, students AC and DHC was respectively 0.269, 0.262, 0.549, 0.506,0.794(In all cases P < 0.0001) and 0.202 (P < 0.001).
Conclusions: Existence of a positive and significant relationship between the AC, the DHC and the DAI indicates their potential for determining the need for orthodontic treatment. The highest need for orthodontic treatment was determined by the AC of the specialist and the lowest need by that of the patient. Only gender of the student had a significant effect on the values of the DHC and the DAI as determined by the specialist.
Soghra Yassaei; Hossein Aghili; Zahra Ebrahimi Nik; Hossein Abedi Ardakani
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the maxillary sinus sizes in patients with maxillary excess and maxillary deficiency.
Methods: 120 cephalometric and panoramic radiographs of 12 - 25 years old patients were studied. These radiographs were derived from patients with maxillary deficiency, ...
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Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the maxillary sinus sizes in patients with maxillary excess and maxillary deficiency.
Methods: 120 cephalometric and panoramic radiographs of 12 - 25 years old patients were studied. These radiographs were derived from patients with maxillary deficiency, normal, or excess. Each group consisted of 40 Patients, (20 females and 20 males). Different dimensions of maxillary sinus included maxillary sinus anterior posterior length (M.S.L), maxillary sinus height (M.S.H) and total maxillary sinus area (TMSA) were measured by digital lateral cephalometry and digital panoramic analysis. In AutoCAD program the lines were measured by mm and the area were measured (mm2). All input images into AutoCAD program converted to a unit scale to assess the minimal magnification error. Data were analyzed using t-test and ANOVA. Results: TMSA was highest in the maxillary deficiency group following by the maxillary normal and maxillary excess groups which the differences were statistically significant (P value = 0.008). However no significant differences were noticed by panoramic image measurements (P value = 0.285). The mean of MSH was significantly higher in the maxillary deficiency group compared with the maxillary normal and maxillary excess groups, both in lateral cephalometry (P value < 0.001) and panoramic images (P value = 0.034). Regarding the MSL no significant differences were seen among the study groups both in lateral cephalometry and panoramic images.
Conclusions: According to the result of this study TMSA and MSH were significantly higher in maxillary deficiency group in comparison with the maxillary normal and excess groups.
Andrea Bargellini; Tommaso Castroflorio; Federica Casasco; Maria Giacone; Francesco Garino; Giovanni Cugliari; Andrea Deregibus
Abstract
Background: In the last years an increasing number of patients have sought for comfortable and aesthetic alternatives to fixed appliances. Aligners, due to the protection against tooth wear, can be compared to occlusal splints used in patients suffering from sleep bruxism (SB). The aim of the study was ...
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Background: In the last years an increasing number of patients have sought for comfortable and aesthetic alternatives to fixed appliances. Aligners, due to the protection against tooth wear, can be compared to occlusal splints used in patients suffering from sleep bruxism (SB). The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of clear aligners on SB episodes using a validated portable device (Bruxoff®, OTBioelettronica, Torino, Italy) allowing a simultaneous recording of electromyographic signals from both the masseter muscles as well as heart frequency to evaluate variation on SB activity.
Methods: Forty patients were analyzed for the study. Twenty of them were assigned to orthodontic treatment with clear aligners (Invisalign®, Align Technology). The other twenty patients were used as control group observed for a period of twelve months. Intra-group and inter-group variances were analyzed by using a two-way ANOVA test. For each analysis a P < 0.05 was set. Results: After the first month of clear aligners therapy, all patients in the case group showed a significant reduction in the number of SB episodes (P < 0.05). However, after three months SB values returned to baseline levels. The number of tonic contractions were reduced even after three months of orthodontic treatment (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: While clear aligners seem to be capable to reduce clenching, i.e. occlusal load, in SB patients, the grinding activity seems to be not influenced by those appliances at least in the short term of the present investigation.
Salman Khaje; Masoud Jamshidi
Abstract
Background: This research studied mechanical properties of silica-based nanocomposite as a strong restorative material through flexural test method.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of weight fraction, silanization and filler size on the flexural properties of silica-based ...
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Background: This research studied mechanical properties of silica-based nanocomposite as a strong restorative material through flexural test method.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of weight fraction, silanization and filler size on the flexural properties of silica-based dental nanocomposite.
Methods: The prepared composites were made of light-cured copolymer based on Bisphenol A glycolmethacrylate (Bis-GMA) and Triethylene glycoldimethacrylate (TEGDMA) at proportion of 50:50 which reinforced by silica filler. The effect of silanization and weight fraction of the filler was studied with samples containing 10 wt% (n (10)), 20 wt% (n (20)) and 30 wt% (n (30)) nanosilica filler. Samples silanized with (γ-MPS) were also tested. Flexural properties were evaluated with Three-Point Bending test. Flexural strength of the nano SiO2 based composites were also compared to micro silica glass composites. Flexural data were analyzed with one-way analysis of the variance. Results: The sample with 10 wt% (n (10)) had equal strength as the sample with 30 wt% (n (30)) nanosilica filler. Modulus of the sample n (30) was higher than the other samples, but its toughness was significantly lower. Silanization had not expected positive effect on the flexural properties.
Conclusions: Adding low amount of nanosilica improved mechanical properties of the resin composite. Silanization of the particles enhanced workability of the paste, but mechanical properties decreased significantly. Reduction in the size of the filler to nano scale caused better flexural strength in comparison to micro glass silica composites.
Ibrahim Erhan Gelgor
Abstract
Background: To evaluate orthodontic treatment need (OTN) in a juvenile populace, utilizing the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), including sexual orientation contrasts evaluation.
Methods: The example involved 2250 young people, 13.1 - 17.4 years of age (mean age, 14 years and 6 months). The ...
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Background: To evaluate orthodontic treatment need (OTN) in a juvenile populace, utilizing the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), including sexual orientation contrasts evaluation.
Methods: The example involved 2250 young people, 13.1 - 17.4 years of age (mean age, 14 years and 6 months). The examinations were done on the study models and all encompassing radiographs taken from every subject. The dental health (DHC) and aesthetic (AC) segments of the IOTN were applied as an evaluation measure of the requirement for orthodontic treatment. The agreement (kappa measurements) was ascertained to examine the understanding between the DHC and the AC of the IOTN. Results: Utilizing the DHC of the IOTN, the extent of subjects assessed to have an incredible or extremely extraordinary treatment need was 28.7%, and 16.7% were in need (grades 8 - 10) as indicated by the AC (IOTN). No sexual orientation contrasts were noted, with the exception of no need class of the IOTN (more successive in young men) as per the DHC (chi-square: 6.83, df: 1, P = 0.01). There was a moderate agreement between the DHC and the AC of the IOTN (kappa = 0.49, 95% CI, 0.47 - 0.63).
Conclusions: Using the IOTN, approximately a third of theadolescent school children werebeing found to be qualified for treatment in open programs.
Vasim Pinchani; Ajit J Kalia; Kannan Sharif; Salil Nene; Nasim Mirdehghan; Khadija M Dalvi
Abstract
Background: Friction plays a major role during tooth movement as it takes up to 60% of the applied force, hence reducing the force available for tooth movement. Coating the surface of orthodontic wires by various techniques is being developed to improve their mechanical and biological properties.Objectives: ...
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Background: Friction plays a major role during tooth movement as it takes up to 60% of the applied force, hence reducing the force available for tooth movement. Coating the surface of orthodontic wires by various techniques is being developed to improve their mechanical and biological properties.Objectives: To evaluate the characteristics of nano particle coated and uncoated stainless steel, nickel-titanium, and beta-titanium wires for (1) coating stability, (2) surface characteristics and (3) biocompatibility after 21 days of exposure to artificial saliva.Methods: Six types of wires were tested for coating stability, surface characteristics before and after exposure to artificial saliva using scanning electron microscope and the artificial saliva was tested for leaching of ions by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. Results: Coating thickness was reduced in each group after exposure to artificial saliva which was statistically significant. Significant changes in surface morphology such as delamination and irregularity of the coating was noted. Coated NiTi wires showed lesser leaching of ions when compared with uncoated NiTi wires but the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusions: Coating delamination and irregularities were seen in many areas. The highest concentration of ions leached among all the groups were of iron, followed by silica.
Samaneh Sadeghi; Zohreh Hedayati
Abstract
Background: Reverse chin cap appliance consists of a removable plate that is attached to a vertical projection hooks via elastics. This appliance is preferred for treatment of combination of maxillary retrognathia and mandibular prognathism malocclusion.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess ...
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Background: Reverse chin cap appliance consists of a removable plate that is attached to a vertical projection hooks via elastics. This appliance is preferred for treatment of combination of maxillary retrognathia and mandibular prognathism malocclusion.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the reverse chin cap appliance to hard and soft tissues.
Methods: In this retrospective study 16 consecutive Class III patients (6 females, 10 males) with mean age of 9.3 ± 2 (Mean ± SD) years, who were treated with reverse chin cap appliance were selected. Pre- and post- treatment lateral cephalograms were analyzed. The overall changes were compared with growth changes in 20 control samples of Class I (10 females and 10 males) with Cl I occlusion and average age of 9.9 ± 3 (Mean ± SD) years. Independent Samples t-test was used to compare mean differences between the two of them. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05. Results: At the end of treatment in treatment group, SNB angle decreased 3.7º and ANB angle increased by 2.9º both (P = 0.005). Mandibular length decreased 0.18 mm (P = 0.009). Lower incisors retroclined 10.03º (P = 0.001). Linear distance of the upper lip and lower lip to the E-line significantly decreased 2.3 mm (P = 0.04) 1.1 mm (P = 0.05) respectively. Nasolabial angle decreased significantly 4.1º (P = 0.005).
Conclusions: Reverse chin cap appliance therapy has a skeletal and dental effects. This treatment is effective in correction of the Cl III malocclusion by retroclination of the lower incisors, and retardation of mandibular growth. At the end of treatment, soft tissue profile
John Jr; Goutham Reddy; Anmol Kalha; Sunil Muddaiah; Sanju Somaiah; Balakrishna Shetty
Abstract
Background: With the emerging concept of aesthetics in orthodontics, ceramic brackets play a major role especially in the anterior region of the dental arch. However, the duration of the orthodontic treatment is one of the most important issues in treating patients with ceramic brackets.
Objectives: ...
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Background: With the emerging concept of aesthetics in orthodontics, ceramic brackets play a major role especially in the anterior region of the dental arch. However, the duration of the orthodontic treatment is one of the most important issues in treating patients with ceramic brackets.
Objectives: This study is conducted to compare space closing rate between conventional MBT and Symetri ClearTM bracket systems.
Methods: This study is comprised of 18 subjects who were equally separated into two groups. The first group was treated with conventional MBT pre-adjusted bracket and the second group with Symetri ClearTM brackets. Space closure was performed via 0.019 × 0.025 inch stainless steel wires using 9-mm nickel-titanium Sentalloy coil springs with a constant force of 150 g. The distance between the distal of the first molar buccal tube and the mesial of the canine bracket was measured by a digital caliper. The difference of the first and last values was determined to assess the sheer quantity of space closure. The value was then divided by the number of months during which the space closure was carried out to examine the ratio of space closure in mm per month. For the statistical analysis we used paired t test as well as independent t test and the P-value > 0.05 was deemed significant. Results: The MBT group showed a 0.85 mm/appointment retraction rate while the Symetri ClearTM bracket group had a 0.83 mm/appointment retraction rate. The difference in space closing between MBT and Symetri ClearTM groups was not statistically and clinically significant (P-value > 0.05).
Conclusions: As the rate of space closure was almost similar in the two types of brackets, we can use Symetri ClearTM brackets instead of MBT brackets without any concern about the duration of treatment and use the esthetic benefits of these brackets simultaneously.
Ankita Ashok Sawant; Shubhangi Ameet Mani
Abstract
Background: It is generally believed that a straight profile is more attractive than a convex class II or concave class III profiles, however, there are certain gender differences, as slightly convex facial profiles are considered attractive in females, while straighter profiles are preferred in males.
Objectives: ...
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Background: It is generally believed that a straight profile is more attractive than a convex class II or concave class III profiles, however, there are certain gender differences, as slightly convex facial profiles are considered attractive in females, while straighter profiles are preferred in males.
Objectives: The goal of this study was to compare facial profile attractiveness changes of patients treated with twin block appliance assessed by orthodontist and other dental specialist.
Patients and Methods: The patient sample comprised 10 patients who undergo orthodontics treatment with Twin Block appliance. Triplets of facial profile photographs of the patients were randomly divided into two sets (before T0, after treatment T1). Two groups selected: 10 orthodontist and 10 dental specialist from different other branches (Excluding oral maxillofacial surgeons) in rural dental college were selected. Each judge independently ranked both sets of photographs using visual analog scale (VAS) with an interval of 1 week between ratings.
Results: On average, both orthodontists and other dental specialist found an improvement in facial profile attractiveness through Twin Block appliances treatment (VAS- T0 - T1 = 1.4 ± 3.2 cm). However, the individual perception of attractiveness varied greatly in the two groups. For time periods (T0- T1), lower VAS ratings were given by other specialist than by orthodontists.
Conclusions: Other dental specialist rated facial profiles more critically than orthodontist. Twin block therapy in patients generally improves profile attractiveness, which is appreciated by all dentists.
Orthodontics
Mahesh Jain; Dolly Patel
Abstract
Aim: With the increased use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, validation of using radiographic images obtained from CBCT instead of multiple conventional radiographs is needed. Hence, the present study was designed to assess the differences ...
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Aim: With the increased use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, validation of using radiographic images obtained from CBCT instead of multiple conventional radiographs is needed. Hence, the present study was designed to assess the differences between cephalometric measurements taken from manual tracings (MT), digitized lateral cephalograms (DLC) and CBCT lateral cephalograms scansMethods: Conventional lateral cephalograms and CBCT scans from ten subjects from departmental archives were used to assess the three methods: manual tracings, digitized lateral cephalograms, and CBCT lateral cephalograms. Seventeen measurements were evaluated and retraced after a 7-day period. The intra examiner errors was assessed using the paired t test and Dahlberg formula. The Pearson correlation test and ANOVA test evaluated the differences between the methods.Results: Most of the measurements had intra-examiner reliability in all three methods. Measurements were significant among methods were Y-axis, U1-Apog (degree and mm), U1-NA, L1-NB (degree and mm), L1-Apog, and interincisal angle.Conclusion: All three methods proved to be reliable and reproducible with minimum error in the measurement of lateral cephalograms. The CBCT scan, advised for complex cases, can be used to generate lateral cephalogram images, which may reduce the need for multiple radiographs, thereby reducing radiation exposure and cost.
Orthodontics
Arash Farzan; Mahsa Delshad; Nima Motamed
Abstract
Aim: Cephalometric analysis is a main part of diagnostics in orthodontics. Modern cephalometric analysis methods include using digital software or mobile applications. This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the CephNinjaPro application for linear and angular cephalometric measurements.Methods: ...
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Aim: Cephalometric analysis is a main part of diagnostics in orthodontics. Modern cephalometric analysis methods include using digital software or mobile applications. This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the CephNinjaPro application for linear and angular cephalometric measurements.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 30 randomly selected lateral cephalograms were digitized by a digital scanner. The required landmarks for five linear and eight angular measurements were identified on all cephalograms using a fine tip pen by an experienced orthodontist, and then rescanned. To assess the validity of manual versus digital landmark identification using the CephNinjaPro application, the landmarks were identified on scanned cephalograms in both the CephNinjaPro application and Dolphin software. The results were compared before and after landmark identification. The results of the Dolphin software and the CephNinjaPro application were also compared before and after landmark identification. Data were analyzed using the paired t-test and Wilcoxon test.Results: The results showed significant differences in the angles SNA (P<0.001), SNB (P<0.001), inter-incisal (P=0.001), and MP-SN (P<0.001), and the Ga (P<0.001) between the Dolphin software and CephNinjaPro application before landmark identification. Also, significant differences were observed in the Ga (P<0.001) and SN-MP (P<0.001) angle between the Dolphin software and CephNinjaPro application after landmark identification.Conclusion: The CephNinjaPro application has acceptable validity and reliability for most of the linear and angular cephalometric measurements from the clinical perspective. Nonetheless, interpretation of results regarding some measurements should be done with caution.
Orthodontics
Nausheen Eram; SM Laxmikanth; Raghunandan Chunduri; Sameena Begum; Khadeer Riyaz; Ashita Talwar
Abstract
Aim: Metallic corrosion of orthodontic appliances occurs due to potentially damaging physical and chemical agents. The major corrosion products of stainless steel are iron, chromium, and nickel. When tissues are exposed to certain concentrations of a primary irritant for certain periods, cytotoxic effects ...
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Aim: Metallic corrosion of orthodontic appliances occurs due to potentially damaging physical and chemical agents. The major corrosion products of stainless steel are iron, chromium, and nickel. When tissues are exposed to certain concentrations of a primary irritant for certain periods, cytotoxic effects may be observed. Hence, this study aimed to assess the cytotoxicity of nickel, iron, and chromium ions during fixed orthodontic treatment onto human keratinocytes (HaCaT).Methods: The metal ions nickel, chromium, and iron in concentrations of 75, 150, 300, 600, 1200, and 2400 μg/ml were prepared to assess the cytotoxicity on HaCaT cells. The control group included these metal ions at 0 μg/ml. Cytotoxicity was assessed by microculture tetrazolium (MTA) assay. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was measured and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to assess the morphological changes of the HaCaT cells. The Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Bonferroni’s post hoc test was carried out to determine the difference in percentage inhibition within and between the groups at various concentrations.Results: Nickel showed the highest cytotoxic effects in comparison with other metal ions. Iron hexahydrate, nickel hexahydrate, and chromium hexahydrate have shown an IC50 value of 552.4 μg/ml, 364.1 μg/ml, and 641.1 μg/ml inhibition in HaCaT cells respectively. Cytotoxic effects were dose dependent on the tested materials. Comparison of percentage inhibition between groups showed a p-value of 0.372.Conclusion: The present study showed that the nickel, chromium, and iron ions induced a wide range of toxicity to human keratinocytes. The IC50 values ranged between 364.1 and 641.1. Nickel was the most toxic metal tested between the concentrations of 75 to 2400 μg/ml for HaCaT cells compared to other metal ions used in the study.
Fadil Abdulla Kareem; Trefa Muhammad Ali Mahmood
Abstract
Aim: the main goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between Kurdish orthodontic patients’ severity of malocclusion and their social and psychological impact. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 100 patients, 45 males and 55 females, aged 13–22 years. A translated ...
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Aim: the main goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between Kurdish orthodontic patients’ severity of malocclusion and their social and psychological impact. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 100 patients, 45 males and 55 females, aged 13–22 years. A translated pre-tested questionnaire [Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire PIDAQ] was used to assess the subjects’ social and psychological impact by their occlusal irregularities; the actual severity of malocclusion was determined using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) on 100 stone study models. Statistical analysis was carried out using chi-square test for assessing the associations, Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficients used for assessing correlations. Analysis of variance and multiple regression tests were also carried out to complete the statistical analysis.
Results: of the multiple regression analysis showed that not only DAI score were significantly associated with higher score of PIADQ but other factor like Gender was a significant variable in predicting the psychosocial impact of dental esthetics, while age was not significantly associated with PIADQ scores. Conclusion: there was significant weak positive correlation between DAI score and PIADQ scale of the study sample at p<0.005.
Azade Fatemifar; Masoumeh Rahimzadeh
Abstract
Background: This paper examine the role that social responsibility can play in advancing orthodontic clinics’ management. Social responsibility is a valuable potential area of strategic development that causes consumer’s positive perception toward service providers.
Objectives: The study ...
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Background: This paper examine the role that social responsibility can play in advancing orthodontic clinics’ management. Social responsibility is a valuable potential area of strategic development that causes consumer’s positive perception toward service providers.
Objectives: The study also sought to determine the role of social responsibility and trust in strengthening of customer satisfaction. Lack of previous studies caused researcher to analyze the effect of corporate social responsibility on customer trust and satisfaction toward orthodontic clinics in this way.
Materials and Methods: The cause and effect relationship between tree variables were analyzed including social responsibility, trust, customer satisfaction. Having 4 hypotheses. To test the hypotheses the personal questionnaire was used and data from 405 individuals who were the clients of orthodontic clinic in Iran, were collected. Using randomly sampling method and analyzed by statistical instruments. The descriptive statistics was performed using SPSS software and referential statistics was conducted using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation models was done using AMOS software.
Results: Results showed that the positive and significant relationship between social responsibility trust, and also relationship between customer satisfaction and trust were supported. The relationship between corporate social responsibility and customer satisfaction was rejected. Nevertheless, the indirect effect of social responsibility on customer satisfaction was approved.
Conclusions: The results also support that customer trust is the most important attribute in the context of services. In the other word it is trust of clients that lead to client satisfaction.
Shabnam Ajami; Hooman Zarif Najafi; Sareh Mahdavi
Abstract
Background: The evaluation of the soft tissue facial profile is essential to achieve facial harmony in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.
Objectives: This study aimed to develop soft tissue angular photogrammetric norms for a sample of Iranian population.
Patients and Methods: Standardized ...
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Background: The evaluation of the soft tissue facial profile is essential to achieve facial harmony in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.
Objectives: This study aimed to develop soft tissue angular photogrammetric norms for a sample of Iranian population.
Patients and Methods: Standardized profile photographic records were taken from 34 men and 37 women. Twelve measurements were analyzed on each photograph by AutoCad software. For statistical evaluation a Student’s t-test was used and the reliability of the method was assessed by using Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) within a four week interval. Results: Three of the angles showed sexual differences: nasofrontal (G-N-Prn, P = 0.009), nasal (Cm-Sn/N-Prn, P = 0.012) and vertical nasal (N-Prn/Tv, P = 0.029). Other nine angles showed statistically insignificant gender differences (P > 0.05). Two of the angles that suggested gender differences were wider in females: nasofrontal and nasal angle while the third angle was wider in males. Other angles such as nasolabial (Cm-Sn-Ls), mentolabial (Li-Sm-Pg), nasal dorsum (N-Mn-Prn) and angle of the total convexity (G-Prn-Pg) were also found wider in females. The inferior third was larger than the middle third. Mentolabial angle (Li-Sm-Pg), which had the highest standard deviation, showed the greatest variability.
Conclusions: The results showed gender dimorphism in three of the measurements: the nasofrontal, the nasal and the vertical nasal angles. Another significant finding was the large variability for the mentolabial angle. The result of this measurement should be assessed with caution.
K Hero Breuning
Abstract
In this review, new developments as has been recently published such as digital dental models, virtual treatment planning, intra oral scanning, merging of the intraoral scan and the CBCT and finally the use of custom orthodontic brackets and computer bend wires will be discussed.
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In this review, new developments as has been recently published such as digital dental models, virtual treatment planning, intra oral scanning, merging of the intraoral scan and the CBCT and finally the use of custom orthodontic brackets and computer bend wires will be discussed.
Allahyar Geramy; Maryam Moghaddas Bayat
Abstract
Background: During mixed dentition period, one can make accurate estimation of future dental development and can assess whether there will be enough space in the dental arch. In orthodontics treatment planning, it is vital to predict space required for unerupted canine and premolars in the arch.
Objectives: ...
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Background: During mixed dentition period, one can make accurate estimation of future dental development and can assess whether there will be enough space in the dental arch. In orthodontics treatment planning, it is vital to predict space required for unerupted canine and premolars in the arch.
Objectives: The main goal of this study is to compare different teeth combinations in predicting needed space for unerupted canine and premolars on Bayesian approach and introduce the most reliable one.
Patients and Methods: The sample for this study consists of 47 dental casts (19 males, 28 females) with complete erupted dental arches. The meisodistal width of all teeth was measured using a dental caliper. We consider different combinations of teeth size and compare them to find the best predictor. In order to do that, quantile regression and Bayesian approach are applied using “R software”. Results: Combination of first maxillary molars with sum of central and lateral mandibular incisors has the smallest standard deviation. This is true for male and female samples. The regression formula based on this teeth combination has been introduced.
Conclusions: In our sample, combination of Mandibular incisors and maxillary first molar is found to be better than the other predictors for female and female model in both arches.
Giulia Gay; Serena Ravera; Tommaso Castroflorio; Francesco Garino; Giovanni Cugliari; Andrea Deregibus
Abstract
Background: Existing literature indicates that orthodontics patients are more likely to have severe apical root shortening, interesting mostly maxillary, followed by mandibular incisors.
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the incidence and severity of root resorption (RR) in ...
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Background: Existing literature indicates that orthodontics patients are more likely to have severe apical root shortening, interesting mostly maxillary, followed by mandibular incisors.
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the incidence and severity of root resorption (RR) in mandibular incisors of adult patients treated with aligners.
Methods: The study group consisted of 71 adult healthy patients (mean age 32.8 ± 12.7) treated with aligners (Invisalign®, Align Technologies, San Jose, CA, USA) for the intrusion of the lower incisors. Root and crown lengths of a total of 279 lower incisors were measured in panoramic radiographs at the beginning (T0) and at the end (T1) of aligner therapy. Individual root-crown-ratio (RCR) of each tooth and therefore the relative changes of RCR (rRCR) were determined. Results: 44% of the 279 measured teeth presented a reduction of the pre-treatment root length. A reduction in percentage of > 0% up to 10% was found in 26.76% (n = 76), a distinct reduction of > 10% up to 20% in 12.32% (n = 35) of the sample. 4.58% (n = 13) of the teeth were affected by a clinically relevant reduction (> 20%).
Conclusions: Orthodontic treatment with Invisalign® aligners could led to RR in cases in which intrusion of the lower incisors is planned. However, the incidence of RR is comparable to data described in case of application of light forces with fixed appliances, and considerably lower than what has been described for traditional comprehensive orthodontic treatments.
Luis Huanca Ghislanzoni; Frederick Berardinelli; Costanza Tagliatesta; Alessandra Lucchese
Abstract
Introduction: Mesiodens is the most common type of supernumerary tooth with proportion of males: females of 2: 1. The etiology of this anomaly is various and includes both genetic and environmental factors, syndromic conditions and disturbances in dental development.Case Presentation: A palatally positioned ...
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Introduction: Mesiodens is the most common type of supernumerary tooth with proportion of males: females of 2: 1. The etiology of this anomaly is various and includes both genetic and environmental factors, syndromic conditions and disturbances in dental development.Case Presentation: A palatally positioned maxillary midline mesiodens was incidentally found during x-ray check-up in a 14-year-old female. It was associated with major crowding and a huge upper midline shift. The oral surgeon did not deem prudent a surgical access due to crowding. Patient was treated with screw-borne active anchorage, all four first bicuspids extracted, braces bonded on both arches and consequent mesiodens surgery removal. After alignment a safe palatal surgical access was available. Satisfactory functional and esthetic results were achieved and stable at a 2-year follow-up.
Tarulatha Revanappa Shyagali; Jigar Doshi
Abstract
Introduction: Crowding is one of the popular complaints for undergoing treatment so far. The individual who has crowded teeth not only suffers from the unaesthetic appearance, but also with the functional deficiencies in form improper cleaning and gum related problems. Orthodontics is a boon for such ...
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Introduction: Crowding is one of the popular complaints for undergoing treatment so far. The individual who has crowded teeth not only suffers from the unaesthetic appearance, but also with the functional deficiencies in form improper cleaning and gum related problems. Orthodontics is a boon for such people and with the advent of technological break through the correction of crowding is possible within no time with less pain and more comfort.
Case Presentation: A 13-year-old male patient presented himself with the chief compliant of irregularly placed in the upper and lower front teeth. On examination, he had a convex profile with retrognathic mandible, posterior divergence. The intra oral examination revealed angle’s class I malocclusion with 4mm overjet and 5 mm of over bite. The upper anteriors were moderately crowded and the lower anteriors were severely crowded with an in-standing left lateral incisor. Lower dental midline was shifted to the left by 3mm.
Discussion: The article shows the effective non extraction management of crowding case using self-ligating bracket system which otherwise with conventional bracket system would have been difficult to treat with the non-extraction treatment modality
Ammar Abdulkareem Daer; Amal Hussein Abuaffan
Abstract
Background: Evaluating patient’s soft tissue profile is one of the most imperative components for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the soft-tissue cephalometric standards for Yemeni adults.
Methods: The material composed of the ...
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Background: Evaluating patient’s soft tissue profile is one of the most imperative components for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the soft-tissue cephalometric standards for Yemeni adults.
Methods: The material composed of the lateral cephalometric radiographs of one hundred ninety-four Yemeni adults (105 females and 89 males) aged between 18 and 25 years, selected from dental students in Sana’a University. Each film was traced and analyzed using variable linear and angular measurement. Results: Statistical significant differences were reported among genders in H- angle and N’-Pr-Pg’, whereas, N’-Sn-Pg’, nasolabial and mentolabial angles showed no significant differences.
Conclusions: The results of Yemeni cephalometric analyses showed ethnic differences in soft tissue findings. Considering the soft tissues pattern of each population will guarantee improved results of treatment to establish the best possible facial harmony.