Shaik Hasanuddin; Irukulla Venkat Ramana; Zafaruddin Mohammed
Abstract
Introduction: Macrodontia or Megadontia or Megalodontia is simple enlargement of all tooth structures. Most of the literature regarding this condition belongs to 1970’s and 80’s and very recent clinical case reports in different ethinic groups are lacking. The etiology of unilateral versus ...
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Introduction: Macrodontia or Megadontia or Megalodontia is simple enlargement of all tooth structures. Most of the literature regarding this condition belongs to 1970’s and 80’s and very recent clinical case reports in different ethinic groups are lacking. The etiology of unilateral versus bilateral macrodontia of premolars is unexplained till date. The prevalence of macrodontia of premolars in mandible is higher than in the maxilla. Isolated macrodontia of second premolars has been known by many synonyms like “Macrodont molariform premolars” and “Megadonts”.
Case Presentation: A 16 year old male adolescence patient had reported with a complain of forwardly placed upper front teeth. Routine clinical examination revealed a uniquely-appearing second premolar on the right side of the mandibular arch. The surface area of the crown was two to three times greater than that of normal premolars. There was crowding of the lower anterior teeth with labial placement of lower canines. The intraoral periapical radiograph showed a huge premolar tooth with a single, short, stunted and tapering root. The Model analysis favours expansion of the mandibular arch and extraction of the premolar teeth in maxillary arch for contraction of the arch.
Conclusions: For proper space management, any developmental anamoly involving the shape of the tooth such as a macro premolar or an erupted odontome has to be extracted as early as possible, as part of the orthodontic treatment plan and fixed appliance therapy initiated. Treatment of macropremolars is a challenging task for the orthodontist, as it requires accurate space analysis and space management.
Shobha Sundareswaran; Ravisankar Vijayan; Praveen Santhakumaran Nair; Latheef Vadakkepediyakkal; Sreehari Sathyanadhan
Abstract
The sella turcica is considered an important landmark in orthodontics as it is used extensively in various cephalometric analyses be it for diagnosis, evaluation of growth or treatment results. In order to recognize deviations from the norm, one needs to be familiar with normal radiographic anatomy as ...
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The sella turcica is considered an important landmark in orthodontics as it is used extensively in various cephalometric analyses be it for diagnosis, evaluation of growth or treatment results. In order to recognize deviations from the norm, one needs to be familiar with normal radiographic anatomy as well as morphologic variability. A review of the literature was conducted regarding the norms and variations in size, shape, morphology and bridging of the sella turcica as evidenced by cephalometric evaluation. Literature search was carried out using the following keywords: Sella Turcica, Sella Bridging, Sella Size and Morphology. Search engines: PubMed and Google Scholar were utilised, followed by hand search. The purpose of the review is to provide an insight into detection of subclinical and potentially pathologic conditions during regular orthodontic pretreatment assessments.
Delaram Shahbodaghi; Tahereh Hosseinzadeh Nik; Mohammad Sadegh Ahmad Akhundi; Shahab Kavousinejad; Atefe Saffar Shahroudi
Abstract
Background: Due to significant effect of joint orthodontic and surgical treatment planning on the patients’ facial appearances, precise prediction of surgical outcomes is of great importance.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the maxillary and mandibular centers of rotation and ...
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Background: Due to significant effect of joint orthodontic and surgical treatment planning on the patients’ facial appearances, precise prediction of surgical outcomes is of great importance.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the maxillary and mandibular centers of rotation and its distance to center of condyle (CC) in patients who underwent maxillary impaction surgery concomitant with mandibular advancement or setback surgery and also to determine the correlation between maxillary center of rotation (MxCR) with that of mandible (MnCR) and also the direction of rotation in distal and proximal segments of the mandible.
Methods: Preoperative and postoperative lateral cephalograms of 24 adult non-syndromic patients were studied. Using cephalometric tracings MxCR was located as the intersection of ANS-PNS (preoperative) and ANS’-PNS’ (postoperative) lines. MnCR was located using Reuleaux method, where perpendicular bisectors of B-B’ and Go-Go’ lines meet. Using statistical analysis of correlation and comparison, all the points’ coordinates and centers of rotation were compared. Results: The average distance of MnCR to CC was 10.45 cm and the average distance of MxCR to CC was 8.39 cm. MxCR and MnCR had positive correlation in horizontal plane and they had negative correlation in vertical plane but the correlation was insignificant (P > 0.05). In addition, there seemed to be no specific pattern in the direction of mandibular proximal and distal segments’ rotations.
Conclusions: The results showed that: (1) The center of rotation calculated for mandible after bimaxillary surgery was not located within the condylar area. But generally whenever MxCR was closer to ANS, MnCR was located more anteriorly. (2) In patients with decreased distance between MxCR and SN line, MnCR would be located more superiorly. Also, whenever MxCR had greater distance from condyle, the MnCR to condyle distance was greater too. (3) The direction of rotation in proximal and distal segments of mandible had no specific pattern.
Hooman Shafaee; Hamidreza Aboutorabzadeh; Hossein Bagheri; Banafsheh Yaloodbardan; Abdolrasoul Rangrazi
Abstract
BackgroundNano-fluorohydroxyapatite (nano-FHA) is a caries preventive agent that is applied in many fields of dentistry and has the potential of being added to Essix retainers to create antibacterial properties. Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nano-fluorohydroxyapatite ...
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BackgroundNano-fluorohydroxyapatite (nano-FHA) is a caries preventive agent that is applied in many fields of dentistry and has the potential of being added to Essix retainers to create antibacterial properties. Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nano-fluorohydroxyapatite addition on the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of an Essix plate. Methods The nano-fluorohydroxyapatite was synthesized and added to an Essix plate in various weight percentages: 0% (group 1), 0.1% (group 2) and 0.5% (group 3). We performed the measuring of flexural strength and modulus of elasticity for the experimented three groups using a universal testing machine. The data were analyzed through one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test at the significance level of 0.05. ResultsAccordingly, the obtained results were indicative of significant differences between the groups (P-value = 0.003); however, the difference between group 2 and control group was not statistically notable (P-value = 0.427). Furthermore, the tensile strength of group 3 significantly decreased (P-value = 0.04). In regards to the modulus of elasticity, the data were suggestive of significant differences between the groups (P-value = 0.002). Apparently, the modulus of elasticity of group 2 and group 3 decreased significantly compared to that of the control group (group 1). Conclusions We can conclude that nano-FHA can be incorporated into Essix plates in concentrations of up to 0.1 wt% in order to create some caries preventing effects with no negative effects on tensile strength; however, adding nano-FHA to Essix plate will decrease modulus of elasticity.
Katayoon Khaleghi; Azin Nourian; Pooya Ghorbankhan; Arash Farzan
Abstract
Background: Following the morphological features of different races and ethnic groups, knowledge of standard dentofacial patterns of each ethnic group is essential. Therefore, this study aimed to explain cephalometric standards for the Zanjanian population according to Downs' analysis and compare them ...
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Background: Following the morphological features of different races and ethnic groups, knowledge of standard dentofacial patterns of each ethnic group is essential. Therefore, this study aimed to explain cephalometric standards for the Zanjanian population according to Downs' analysis and compare them to Caucasian individuals.Methods: Seventy lateral cephalometries of Zanjanian adults (17 - 29 years old) who had been referred to a private orthodontic office in Zanjan, Iran with class I molar and canine relationship and normal overjet and overbite as well as minimum crowding/spacing/rotations were scanned and traced with the Novatech scanner and Dolphin software version 10. Next, statistical analyses were performed in order to compare the Zanjanian population to Caucasians. Results: We found a significant difference between males and females in terms of interincisal angle, incisor-occlusal angle, incisor-mandibular plane angle, upper incisor proclination, facial angle, and angle of convexity.Discussion: The analysis of six statistically significant parameters indicates that the upper and lower incisors in women of Zanjan were proclined and protruded compared with those of Caucasian subjects. Due to the statistical analysis on facial angle and angle of convexity, women also show more maxillary prognathism and skeletal class II pattern. Generally, a comparison of Zanjanian population cephalometrics based on Downs' analysis showed an increase in maxillary prognathism, maxillary and mandibular incisal protrusion and posterior rotation of the mandible.Conclusions: In conclusion, the Zanjanian population tends to have more dental and skeletal class II patterns than the Caucasians. In addition, gender comparison indicates lower and upper-incisors protrusion in women of Zanjan.
Navid Hosseini; Saeide Talezade; Soghra Yassaie; Zahra Moradi
Abstract
Background: Many studies have been conducted in Iran to know the prevalence of malocclusions and orthodontics needs but no study so far has been conducted in Yazd.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anterior open bite (AOBO) among 11 - 12 years old school-aging children ...
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Background: Many studies have been conducted in Iran to know the prevalence of malocclusions and orthodontics needs but no study so far has been conducted in Yazd.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anterior open bite (AOBO) among 11 - 12 years old school-aging children in Yazd, Iran.
Patients and Methods: A total number 550 (278 boys and 272 girls) school aging children between 11 - 12 years old with permanent dentition were selected in this study from Yazd, Iran. The subjects were randomly selected, and none had received previous orthodontic treatment. Clinical examinations were carried out by one trained and calibrated examiner. The occlusal anteriorposterior sagital relationship were assessed based on the angle classification and also the vertical anterior relationship. The statistical software SPSS version 22 was used for the analysis different parameters as gender and age.
Results: AOB was present in 2.9% of subjects. 2.1% of the male and 3.6% of the females students in the sample were affected with anterior open bite. The prevalence of class I, class II and class III malocclusion with AOB was 1.7%, 3.2%, 21.4%, respectively.
Conclusions: This study shows that 2.9% of children examined had anterior open bite malocclusion which required treatment.
Orthodontics
Pasupureddi Keerthana; Meghna Mukhopadhyay; Shubhnita Verma; Prasad Chitra
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze and synthesize data from animal research on the impact of hormones and their synthetic derivatives on orthodontic tooth movement by altering calcium metabolism.Methods: Eight databases were scanned electronically, followed by a manual search, until 27 February ...
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Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze and synthesize data from animal research on the impact of hormones and their synthetic derivatives on orthodontic tooth movement by altering calcium metabolism.Methods: Eight databases were scanned electronically, followed by a manual search, until 27 February 2022. Animal experiments were chosen with control groups exploring the impact on orthodontic tooth movement with calcitonin, calcium, parathyroid hormone, teriparatide, and vitamin D. The reporting quality of primary studies was assessed using the CAMARADES tool. Data was collected from related studies and SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool was utilized to determine risk of bias.Results: Of the 2388 documents obtained in the search, 11 studies were included. The amount of orthodontic tooth movement reduced with the administration of calcitonin and calcium. However, with parathyroid hormone, teriparatide, and vitamin D, acceleration of tooth movement was noted. The results were statistically significant omitting three studies that assessed orthodontic tooth movement with calcium, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone. Root resorption increased with calcium, vitamin D, PGE2, and a dose-dependent decrease was seen in higher doses of calcitonin. Bone mineral density improved with increased parathyroid hormone levels.Conclusion: Vitamin D, their synthetic derivatives, and parathyroid hormone were found to increase orthodontic tooth movement. Calcitonin showed a dose dependent reduction in orthodontic tooth movement.
Orthodontics
Vahid Mollabashi; Maryam Heydarpour; Abbas Farmani; Kimia Saadat; Maryam Farhadian
Abstract
Aim: Formation of white spot lesions (WSL) subsequent to orthodontic treatment is a cosmetic concern. This research assessed the effects of bioactive-glass toothpaste on remineralization of orthodontic white spot lesions.Methods: Orthodontic brackets were boned to seventy extracted premolars. Then they ...
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Aim: Formation of white spot lesions (WSL) subsequent to orthodontic treatment is a cosmetic concern. This research assessed the effects of bioactive-glass toothpaste on remineralization of orthodontic white spot lesions.Methods: Orthodontic brackets were boned to seventy extracted premolars. Then they were submersed in a demineralization solution (pH=4.52) at 37°C for 96 hours, which led to the formation of artificial caries lesions on enamel. Occlusal brackets were assigned to the treatment group, whereas gingival brackets were assigned to the control group.Specimens were allocated to one of two groups: group 1) toothpaste containing sodium fluoride (1,450 ppm), group 2) toothpaste containing bioactive glass (5%). The samples underwent a 14-day remineralization/demineralzation cycle consisting of a twice-daily 30-minute submersion in a demineralizing solution (pH=4.52, 37°C) followed by a five-minute toothpaste treatment for the occlusal of the brackets. Each sample was analyzed using a polarized microscope, and AutoCAD 2007 was used to quantify the mineralization depth and area. Using SPSS version 23, the independent and paired t-tests were used to assess data statistically.Results: In terms of both remineralization area and depth, the study's findings revealed a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups (p < 0.001). Area and depth differences between the two remineralization methods in the treatment group were also statistically significant (p < 0.001).Conclusion: Both sodium fluoride and bioactive-glass toothpaste are useful for remineralizing the WSL, while bioactiveglass toothpaste seems to work more effectively than sodium fluoride toothpaste.
Orthodontics
Faheem Mohamed Arif; Goutham Reddy; Sanju Somaiah; Sunil Muddaiah
Abstract
Aim: Dental malocclusion and jaw misalignments are the foremost reasons for airway constriction. To facilitate anterior mandibular repositioning and the concomitant anterior positioning of the tongue can induce the expansion of the pharyngeal airway. The study aimed to compare comprehensive treatment ...
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Aim: Dental malocclusion and jaw misalignments are the foremost reasons for airway constriction. To facilitate anterior mandibular repositioning and the concomitant anterior positioning of the tongue can induce the expansion of the pharyngeal airway. The study aimed to compare comprehensive treatment outcomes of fixed and removable mandibular advancement appliances on the width of the pharyngeal airway space.
Methods: Twenty growing patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion were placed into two groups: Advansync2 and twin block. Patients were advised to use mandibular advancement appliances (MAA) for 9–12 months. Lateral cephalograms and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were evaluated to assess alterations in the pharyngeal airway space and quality of sleep at two intervals. The chi-square test, one-way ANOVA and Duncan’s post hoc test were used for statistical analysis. P-values<0.05 were considered as significant.
Results: Based on the results, only the change in PNS-V measurements indicated a significant difference between appliances. Advansync2 showed more change (0.70±2.45 mm) compared to twin block (-1.80±2.34 mm), indicating a statistically significant difference (p=0.032).
Conclusion: A significant reduction in the ESS score in both groups was observed without any significant differences between them.
Valiollah Arash; Sina Haghanifar; Farhad Sobouti; Manouchehr Rahmati Kamel; khalil Barzegar
Abstract
Aim: The objective of this study was to compare and evaluate the effects of two functional appliances including modified activator and modified twin block appliances on the profiles of facial soft tissue. Methods: This study included 30 patients suffering from skeletal class II abnormalities. Participants ...
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Aim: The objective of this study was to compare and evaluate the effects of two functional appliances including modified activator and modified twin block appliances on the profiles of facial soft tissue. Methods: This study included 30 patients suffering from skeletal class II abnormalities. Participants were randomly allocated into one of two treatment groups for functional appliances, the modified twin block group and the modified activator group (ten girls and five boys, with a mean age of 10.4± 0.82 years in the modified twin block group; nine girls and six boys, with a mean age of 9.8± 0.94 years in the modified activator group). The mean duration of treatment was 20.4± 6 months in the modified activator group, and 17.9 ± 5 months in the modified twin block group which included the eight months of aftertreatment maintenance. Data were analyzed using a paired t-test and an independent samples t-test. Results: In the modified activator treatment group, changes in the labiomental angle (p=0.02), the angle of facial convexity (p=0.004), the Ls-S vertical (p=0.034), the distance between the labial surface of the upper central incisor and the upper lip (p=0.012), the Li-E Line (p=0.029), the total anterior facial height (p=0.008) and the pog’-S vertical (p=0.013) were significant. The difference between two groups was significant only in Li-E line.
Conclusion:The effects of modified activators and modified twin block appliances on the soft tissue profile was almost the same, and both resulted in significant alterations to the soft tissue profile.
Sepideh Arab; Mina Hormozdiari Cham; Marzieh Morsaghian; Maryam Ghamari; Omid Mortezai
Abstract
Background: Stainless steel and Nickel Chromium alloys show special mechanical features, which has made them the most common materials for fabrication of orthodontic arch wires.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of length of immersion and type of arch wire on release of nickel ...
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Background: Stainless steel and Nickel Chromium alloys show special mechanical features, which has made them the most common materials for fabrication of orthodontic arch wires.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of length of immersion and type of arch wire on release of nickel and chromium ions from fixed orthodontic appliances.
Materials and Methods: 15 simulated half-arch maxillary fixed orthodontic appliances were divided into 3 groups according to the types of arch wires. Each sample was individually immersed in 50 ml of distilled water and incubated at 37ºC for 28 days. Afterwards, solutions were sent to laboratory for investigation of the released ions and the samples were incubated for another 28 days in new distilled water. After each 28-day time span, the concentrations of nickel and chromium were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. T-test was used for statistical analysis and P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: Stainless steel arch wires released the greatest amount of nickel and chromium ions at both 28 days periods. The lowest amount of nickel and chromium in both time spans was released from NiTi and HANT arch wires, respectively Nickel ion release decreased overtime while the chromium release increased.
Conclusions: The amounts of released nickel and chromium ions from fixed orthodontic appliances from all three types of evaluated arch wires were below the daily dietary intake of these ions and do not bring about biological concerns.
Hasan Salehi; Sepide Arab
Abstract
Background: Alignment of the teeth as the first stage of comprehensive orthodontic treatment has widely been addressed. Several methods such as using super elastic arch wires, multi-strand wires and incorporation of various loops into the round stainless steel wires have been suggested in this stage.
Objectives: ...
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Background: Alignment of the teeth as the first stage of comprehensive orthodontic treatment has widely been addressed. Several methods such as using super elastic arch wires, multi-strand wires and incorporation of various loops into the round stainless steel wires have been suggested in this stage.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the horizontal forces produced by six various loop designs in different amounts of activation using the finite element method. Materials and Methods: The Finite Element Model (FEM) was used to design and compare the horizontal forces of round 0.014 inches stainless steel vertical open loop, vertical closed loop, vertical helical open loop, vertical helical closed loop, plain vertical loop and the squash loop. The forces were measured at 0.1, 0.4, 0.8 and 1mm activations. Results: For all activations, vertical open loop had the highest horizontal force; while vertical helical closed loop showed the lowest force.
Conclusions: The design of vertical loops influences the horizontal force in all activations, immensely.
Ahmad Sodagar; Elham Sadat Emadian Razavi; Homa Farhadifard
Abstract
Introduction: A bilateral scissors-bite is an uncommon malocclusion and its treatment is difficult. At younger age, it can be treated non-surgically.
Case Presentation: This case report describes successful treatment of a class II division 2 malocclusion with bilateral scissors-bite by fixed appliance. ...
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Introduction: A bilateral scissors-bite is an uncommon malocclusion and its treatment is difficult. At younger age, it can be treated non-surgically.
Case Presentation: This case report describes successful treatment of a class II division 2 malocclusion with bilateral scissors-bite by fixed appliance. Treatment was completed with the aid of a modified lingual arch, constricted transpalatal arch and repeated arch coordinations.
Conclusions: After treatment, the patient had normal overjet, normal overbite and functional occlusion. Scissors-bite was eliminated. The patient will refer for advancement genioplasty at the proper age for more facial harmony.
Seyed Hossein Moslemzadeh; Negar Moghaddam; Saeid Foroughi Moghaddam; Ali Rafighi; Morteza Ghojazadeh; Farzaneh Rasouli
Abstract
Background: Interclinoid ligament calcification and dimensional changes in Sella Turcica seen on cephalometric radiographs are associated with some bone abnormalities as well as normal variations. Merging of anterior and posterior clinoid processes, known as Sella Turcica bridging or roofing and other ...
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Background: Interclinoid ligament calcification and dimensional changes in Sella Turcica seen on cephalometric radiographs are associated with some bone abnormalities as well as normal variations. Merging of anterior and posterior clinoid processes, known as Sella Turcica bridging or roofing and other changes in this area may occur as a part of large skeletal growth changes in body and may have association with craniofacial skeletal patterns development.
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare Sella Turcica bridging and dimensions of patients with various skeletal patterns to investigate whether there is a correlation between Sella Turcica region changes with skeletal patterns or not, and on the other hand, to know if these changes could be used as predictive indices for growing patients skeletal patterns. Materials and Methods: A total of 108 cephalometric radiographs (36 Class I, 36 Class II, and 36 Class III) were randomly selected for evaluation. Sella Turcica was traced on acetate paper and scanned to produce digital images. The dimensions of Sella Turcica were measured with computer software using the Silverman, Kisling, and Axelsson method. To determine bridging, Leonardi’s method was employed. To determine the association of Sella Turcica bridging and dimensions with different malocclusions, chi-squared test and one-way ANOVA were used. Results: The means of Sella Turcica lengths in three groups were significantly different (P = 0.01). Mean depth and diameter, however, were not significantly different between malocclusions. In addition, bridging was not significantly different among three malocclusions evaluated.
Conclusions: According to the results, mean length of Sella Turcica, rather than depth and diameter, was significantly associated with the type of malocclusion. Sella Turcica cavity length is larger in Cl III patients in comparison with Cl I ones and may have predictive value in some instances.
Soodeh Tahmasbi; Sattar Kabiri; Elham Mohammad Rabei
Abstract
Introduction: Tooth eruption is a complex procedure and many theories has been proposed to describe the nature of this process. Some studies, have shown that in contrast to traditional thoughts, root development is not necessary for tooth eruption and have been focused on the role of dental follicle. ...
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Introduction: Tooth eruption is a complex procedure and many theories has been proposed to describe the nature of this process. Some studies, have shown that in contrast to traditional thoughts, root development is not necessary for tooth eruption and have been focused on the role of dental follicle. Eruption of the permanent teeth with no or little root development has been reported in a few cases. Dentin dysplasia is a rare genetic disorder of the teeth that affect dentin formation. Dentin dysplasia type I or radicular dentin dysplasia is characterized by normal appearance of crowns, but severe tooth mobility. Radiographically, very short or absent roots, periapical lesions and spontaneous pulp obliteration are seen.
Case Presentation: This paper describes two patient with dentin dysplasia type I that despite of rootless tooth, normal eruption has occurred.
Conclusions: These cases are good example to support that eruption procedure is an independent event from root formation.
Vahid Moshkelgosha; Mahsa Kazemi; Hamidreza Pakshir; Rasool Safari
Abstract
Background: Malocclusion, one the most important oral health problem among children and young adults, leads to social stigma and psychological disorders. Early orthodontic treatment for children appears to be one of the efficient methods to prevent these consequences.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional ...
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Background: Malocclusion, one the most important oral health problem among children and young adults, leads to social stigma and psychological disorders. Early orthodontic treatment for children appears to be one of the efficient methods to prevent these consequences.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study, which was conducted in Shiraz, city of Iran, comprised 1600 primary school children aged 7 and 8 years old from 16 schools in the 4 districts of Shiraz. Self-administered questionnaires, giving scores to parental knowledge and attitude towards early orthodontic treatment, were designed and distributed to the children to deliver them to their parents. The maximum possible mean score for both knowledge and attitude questions were. Results: Out of 1600, 1026 (64%) questionnaires were returned. The analysis revealed the mean score of parental knowledge and attitude as 0.78 and 0.38 respectively. The mean score of participants from high social class was significantly higher in the knowledge and attitude sections (P value < 0.001). Highly educated parents presented an appreciably greater level of attitude score (mean score: 0.43, P value < 0.001). A remarkable correlation of parental former orthodontic treatment with a routine and problem-based visit of a dentist was observed [odds ratio (OR): 3.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.1 to 4.4] and (OR: 3.1, 95% CI: 2.2 to 4.4) in order.
Conclusions: This study showed significant effect of higher social class on the parents’ knowledge and attitude and also beneficial impact of higher educational level on parents’ attitude. The parents, who were former orthodontic patient, were more concerned about their children’s dentofacial health.
Amir Mohamadi; Reza Sharqi; Somaieh Rahmanian
Abstract
Conventional molar distalization methods in maxillary arch require patient cooperation with headgear or elastics, which is really difficult. Therefore, numerous different intraoral procedures have been presented to reduce the need for patient cooperation. In line with such attempts, our aim is to present ...
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Conventional molar distalization methods in maxillary arch require patient cooperation with headgear or elastics, which is really difficult. Therefore, numerous different intraoral procedures have been presented to reduce the need for patient cooperation. In line with such attempts, our aim is to present an implant-supported appliance for successful unilateral molar distalization. To this purpose, we used an appliance that was supported by two palatal implants. Treatment outcomes were assessed by making use of lateral cephalometric views and dental models. Findings suggest that our implant-supported appliance is effective in correcting unilateral class II molar relationship with minor side effects compared to other distalizing appliances.
Rency Annie Abraham; Shobha Sundareswaran
Abstract
Objectives: Aim of this study was to do a comparative post-treatment assessment, using three superimposition methods (Ricketts, Pancherz and Centrographic), in patients with Angle’s Class II Division 1 malocclusion and functional retrusion of mandible following twin block appliance therapy.
Methods: ...
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Objectives: Aim of this study was to do a comparative post-treatment assessment, using three superimposition methods (Ricketts, Pancherz and Centrographic), in patients with Angle’s Class II Division 1 malocclusion and functional retrusion of mandible following twin block appliance therapy.
Methods: In this retrospective cross sectional study, pre and post-treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of 33 cases were analyzed and compared using Ricketts, Pancherz and Centrographic superimposition methods. Changes were evaluated quantitatively for all three methods using a reference grid. The anteroposterior position of upper and lower centroids with respect to the centroid plane was evaluated. Results: Paired samples t-tests and intraclass correlation coefficient revealed excellent reliability of Ricketts, Pancherz and Centrographic superimposition techniques for all parameters. An advancement of 4.14 + 2.24 and 4.18 + 2.26 in Pancherz, 4.30 + 2.14 and 4.38 + 2.18 in Ricketts and 4.36 + 2.19 and 4.50 + 2.19 in Centrographic superimposition methods was shown by point B and pogonion respectively. The observed advancement of Point B and restriction of mesial movement of upper first molar (U6) was statistically significant for Centrographic method as compared to Pancherz. Advancement of lower centroid was seen in all cases with 72.7% in level with centroid plane and 24.2% within 1mm of it.
Conclusions: All three superimposition methods (Ricketts, Pancherz and Centrographic) proved equally reliable in assessing treatment changes following twin block therapy. Forward movement of lower centroid was observed in 100% of the cases indicating true mandibular advancement following twin block appliance therapy in Skeletal Class II Division 1 malocclusions.
Mohammad Moslem Imani; Saman Farzaneh; Ali Ghanbari; Sepideh Arab
Abstract
Background: Cephalometric analyses norms and orthodontic software have been mainly developed for Caucasians. Thus, they might not be true for other ethnical groups.Objectives: This study sought to determine cephalometric norms of an Iranian Kurdish population according to Steiner analysis.Methods: In ...
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Background: Cephalometric analyses norms and orthodontic software have been mainly developed for Caucasians. Thus, they might not be true for other ethnical groups.Objectives: This study sought to determine cephalometric norms of an Iranian Kurdish population according to Steiner analysis.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 lateral cephalograms of adult orthodontic patients between 18 - 30 years including 40 males and 60 females with normal occlusion and symmetrical faces were evaluated. Lateral cephalograms were traced and analyzed based on Steiner’s cephalometric parameters. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Differences between Kurdish and Caucasian norms were analyzed using one-sample t-test. Independent t-test was used to compare males and females (P < 0.05). Results: The SNA, SNB, ANB, SND (Sella-Nasion-D point), interincisal angle, GoGn-SN L1-NB (both angular and linear measurements), SL (distance from Sella point to L, which is the projection of the most-anterior point in the body of mandible or pogonion on SN and SE (distance from Sella point to E point, which is the intersection of a line drawn from the most distal limit of the posterior surface of condyle head and SN) values were significantly different between the Kurdish population and Caucasian norms (P < 0.05). No significant differences existed in Occl-SN (occlusal plane to SN) and U1-NA (both angular and linear measurements) between the Kurdish population and the Caucasians (P > 0.05). Kurdish males and females were significantly different in terms of SND, Occl-SN, GoGn-SN and U1-NA angles, U1-NA distance and SL and SE values (P < 0.05). No significant difference existed between Kurdish males and females in SNA, SNB, ANB, interincisal angle and L1-NB (P > 0.05).Conclusions: Cephalometric norms for Kurdish adults are different from those of Caucasians. The norms obtained in our study can be used for orthodontic treatments and orthognathic surgeries in Kurdish population.
Atefe Saffar Shahroudi; Behrad Tanbakuchi
Abstract
Context: Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) have been introduced to orthodontic treatment for enhancing anchorage control. It is claimed that they are not disposable and can be used several times after sterilization process. However, the question is whether this repeated sterilization has any effect ...
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Context: Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) have been introduced to orthodontic treatment for enhancing anchorage control. It is claimed that they are not disposable and can be used several times after sterilization process. However, the question is whether this repeated sterilization has any effect on the properties of these devices. This study was done to review the available articles that had addressed various aspects of this issue.Evidence Acquisition: The authors searched several electronic data bases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Embase with several key words related to orthodontic temporary anchorage devices and sterilization. The relevant articles were reviewed and categorized in the following subjects: mechanical properties, primary stability and clinical success, and histologic and microscopic characteristics. Results: Sterilizing the temporary anchorage devices seems not to affect the mechanical properties of these devices.
Conclusions: In terms of primary stability, and clinical success, very few studies are available. Histologic and microscopic evaluations showed some alteration in the surface characteristics of TADs including some mineral precipitation.
Mostafa Abtahi; Negin Azizzadeh; Hossein Bagheri; Alireza Ghasemzadeh
Abstract
BackgroundRecognizing and reviewing the educational curricula of the specialized fields of dentistry and comparing it with the curricula of the top universities in the world will help to provide the necessary changes and corrections in postgraduate dental education, leading to more skilled specialists. ...
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BackgroundRecognizing and reviewing the educational curricula of the specialized fields of dentistry and comparing it with the curricula of the top universities in the world will help to provide the necessary changes and corrections in postgraduate dental education, leading to more skilled specialists. Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the orthodontics post graduate curriculum of Mashhad dental school with the top 10 international dental schools. Methods Twenty-two of the world's top universities (10 main and 12 reserve) that offer orthodontics postgraduate programs were selected. A checklist including eight key factors and some secondary variables was prepared. These factors were classified as quantitative and qualitative. The checklist was filled with information provided by university websites and contacting program directors using email. A sample t-test and descriptive-analytic approach were respectively used to analyze the quantitative and qualitative data. ResultsAmong the quantitative factors that were evaluated, only the “percentage of completely treated patients” was significantly lower in Mashhad dental school compared with that of the top 10 international dental schools. There was no significant difference regarding the length of study, the number of professors, and the number of patients visited by each resident. Among the qualitative factors, the most diversity was seen in certificates awarded to graduates. Conclusions No significant difference was observed in didactic education, clinical training, and research project conduction between the orthodontics post graduate program of Mashhad dental school and top-tier international universities.
Tahseen Sultana; Penmetcha Sarada; Namineni Srinivas; C H Sampath Reddy; Singh Ojass KUMAR; Shaik Hasanuddin
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the skeletal maturation by using salivary DHEAS levels and its correlation with existing skeletal maturity parameters represented by cervical vertebrae and MP3 region radiographs in adolescents in pre-pubertal and pubertal age groups.Methods: In this study, 80 children ...
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Objectives: This study aimed to assess the skeletal maturation by using salivary DHEAS levels and its correlation with existing skeletal maturity parameters represented by cervical vertebrae and MP3 region radiographs in adolescents in pre-pubertal and pubertal age groups.Methods: In this study, 80 children in the age range of 8 - 14 years were divided into two equal groups based on their chronological age as group I (pre-pubertal group) and group II (pubertal group). Pre-existing lateral cephalograms and medial phalanx of third finger (MP3) radiographs of their left hands were assessed. The levels of the DHEAS of each individual were analysed by ELISA kit. ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey’s test and student t-test were used for statistical analysis. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean level of DHEAS values shown in the present study was 4.36 +/- 0.32 ng/mL in group I and 5.73+/-0.39 ng/mL in group II. This study showed that in group I, more subjects were in stage 1 of cervical vertebral maturation than stage 2 and there were significant differences between the two stages (P-value = 0.011); also, in group II, more subjects were in stage 3 than 4 and there were significant differences between the two stages (P-value = 0.017). This study revealed the highest salivary DHEAS levels to be in the F stage of pre-pubertal MP3 development in addition to the H stage of MP3 development in pubertal children. This study noted that there were significant differences for salivary DHEAS levels between males and females not only in pre-pubertal (P-value = 0.031), but also in pubertal stages (P-value < 0.001).Conclusions: Salivary DHEAS, like cervical vertebra and MP3 radiographs, can be used for growth assessment in young adolescents.
Fariborz Jafarpour; Gary A. Estomaguio; Elaheh Vahid Dastjerdi; Sepideh Soheilifar
Abstract
Background: Facial morphology of Asians differs from those of whites and blacks. However, none of the available studies had assessed nasal morphology in Asians with different skeletal malocclusions.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare cephalometric nose morphology among Filipino female ...
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Background: Facial morphology of Asians differs from those of whites and blacks. However, none of the available studies had assessed nasal morphology in Asians with different skeletal malocclusions.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare cephalometric nose morphology among Filipino female and male adults with skeletal class I, II and III relationship.
Patients and Methods: All patients were of Filipino background and had a lateral cephalogram as part of orthodontic records. Upper and lower facial height, nose height, nose length, nose tip projection, were measured in cephalograms.
Results: Facial height did not differ significantly in genders and malocclusions. There was not any statistically significant differences in linear measurement of the nose among various malocclusion, while, nose length and height were greater in males and nose tip projection was larger in females.
Conclusions: Filipino males have longer nose with less prominent tip in comparison with females. Angular measurements of nose are larger in class II malocclusion in comparison with class I and class III.
Orthodontics
Somasundara Ramadevi; Anjith Shirley Gladstone; Sarala Manjappa Laxmikanth; Chunduri Raghunandan; Jairaj Vani; Shrikanth Shendre; Khan Mahamad Irfanulla; Maqbool Sameena Begum; Riyaz Khadeer
Abstract
Aim: The use of pre-procedural mouth rinse for prevention of COVID-19 can reduce viral load but can alter the bond strength. The purpose of this study was to determine any correlation between the use of these pre-procedural mouth rinse and the shear-bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets.Methods: ...
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Aim: The use of pre-procedural mouth rinse for prevention of COVID-19 can reduce viral load but can alter the bond strength. The purpose of this study was to determine any correlation between the use of these pre-procedural mouth rinse and the shear-bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets.Methods: Thirty-three maxillary premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes were used. The buccal surfaces of all teeth were bonded with orthodontic brackets. Later, each tooth was embedded into acrylic resin and stored in distilled water. Teeth were randomly divided into three groups (group I: hydrogen peroxide mouth rinse, group II: povidone-iodine mouth rinse, and group III: artificial saliva), and stored in each solution for 12 hours. Later, each tooth was subjected to SBS testing using a universal testing machine. Data were statistically evaluated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc test (Tukey’s HSD) with a significance of p< 0.05.Results: The highest mean SBS was observed in the artificial saliva (control group), followed by the povidone-iodine and hydrogen peroxide groups.Conclusion: Hydrogen peroxide mouth rinses should not be used during fixed orthodontic treatment because it alters bond strength.
Education
Maryam Omidkhoda; Farzin Heravi; Fatemeh Shahrestani; Mohamad Noori
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of Dolphin Imaging version 11.8 software, in predicting soft and hard tissue changes after orthognathic jaw surgery.Methods: In this retrospective study, pre- and postoperative cephalograms and photographs of 20 patients were scanned ...
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Aim: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of Dolphin Imaging version 11.8 software, in predicting soft and hard tissue changes after orthognathic jaw surgery.Methods: In this retrospective study, pre- and postoperative cephalograms and photographs of 20 patients were scanned and inserted into Dolphin Imaging version 11.8 software and traced by the software. Cephalometric superimposition was performed before and after the operation to determine the extent of changes in each jaw. The software then simulated postoperative images according to the calculated changes for each patient.Results: The results of this study showed that the upper lip had the highest accuracy in both sagittal and vertical axes. The highest reliability was in the upper lip with 80% error in the sagittal axis and the tip of the nose with 80% error in the vertical axis. The lowest accuracy in our study was related to soft tissue Menton which had the least reliability with an error frequency of 35% and 45% in the sagittal and vertical axis, respectively.Conclusion: Based on the method used and the findings obtained by digital measurements, it can be concluded that the Dolphin Imaging version 11.8 software can be used to reliably predict hard tissue as well as soft tissue, especially in the upper lip area.
