Mahsa Esfehani; Bahareh Mohammad Zahraiee; Sepideh Arab; Fatemeh Hajmanoochehri; Mohammadtaghi Vatandoust
Abstract
Objectives: This study was aimed to assess salivary sodium and potassium concentrations in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances.Methods: In this case-control study, saliva samples (5 cc) were collected from 13 patients with fixed orthodontic appliances before, and 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after ...
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Objectives: This study was aimed to assess salivary sodium and potassium concentrations in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances.Methods: In this case-control study, saliva samples (5 cc) were collected from 13 patients with fixed orthodontic appliances before, and 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after the beginning of the orthodontic treatment using the spitting method. Saliva samples were also collected from 10 healthy individuals as controls. The saliva samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes and the salivary sodium and potassium concentrations were measured by spectrophotometry. Data were analyzed using independent and paired t-tests. P-value < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The salivary sodium and potassium concentrations were almost the same in both groups at baseline (P > 0.05). A significant reduction in sodium and an increase in potassium levels were noted in the case group at 1 week compared with baseline (P < 0.001). At 1 week, the potassium concentration was significantly higher and the sodium concentration was significantly lower in the case group (P < 0.01). The salivary sodium significantly increased while the salivary potassium significantly decreased at 1 month compared with 1 week (P < 0.001). The differences with the control group were also significant (P < 0.05). No significant differences were noted between the two groups at 3 months (P > 0.05).Conclusions: Time has a significant effect on the release profile of sodium and potassium ions from orthodontic appliances. The salivary sodium and potassium concentrations returned to their normal pretreatment values within 3 months after the start of fixed orthodontic treatment.
Nilesh Mote; Vishal Dhanjani; Somit Das; Kunal Pallan
Abstract
Friction is defined as the force that resists a movement when objects move tangentially against each another. Various forces arise, when two surfaces which are in contact slide against one another. An orthodontist has various difficulties related to friction specially with sliding mechanics and has to ...
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Friction is defined as the force that resists a movement when objects move tangentially against each another. Various forces arise, when two surfaces which are in contact slide against one another. An orthodontist has various difficulties related to friction specially with sliding mechanics and has to deals with it successfully to provide effective tooth movement. During Orthodontic treatment, sliding mechanics is used widely. Friction generated at the bracket/archwire interface is one of the disadvantages of this mechanics, which reduces the quality of desired orthodontic movement acquired. Both clinicians and scientists have an interest in the role of friction in Orthodontics, due to its application. As per clinical studies, the resistance to bodily tooth movement by sliding has far too less to do with friction. It is mainly a binding-and-release situation that is similar to conventional and self-ligating brackets.
Aydin Sohrabi; Ali Rafighi; Seyed Hossein Moslemzadeh; Saeid Foroughi Moghaddam; Farzaneh Rasouli
Abstract
Background: After completion of orthodontic treatment, the retention phase is necessary for premolar teeth to preserve them in an ideal esthetic and functional relationship and to counteract the inherent tendency of teeth to return to their previous positions. Different fixed and removable retainers ...
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Background: After completion of orthodontic treatment, the retention phase is necessary for premolar teeth to preserve them in an ideal esthetic and functional relationship and to counteract the inherent tendency of teeth to return to their previous positions. Different fixed and removable retainers are used to prevent relapse in the anterior segment of the dental arch. Retainers that are bonded to 6 anterior teeth, i.e. flexible spiral wires (FSW), are more commonly used. In addition, extended bonded retainers are used to keep the extraction space closed, which are bonded to premolars in addition to anterior teeth. In orthodontic treatments involving tooth extraction, the inability of retainers to prevent the re-opening of the extraction space will result in some periodontal and occlusion problems and patient dissatisfaction.
Objectives: Therefore, the present study evaluated the ability of extended fixed retainers in comparison to FSW retainers, along with overnight use of removable retainers, to prevent re-opening of the extraction space.
Patients and Methods: Thirty-one patients (60 quadrants) were included in this study after obtaining informed consent. Convenient sampling technique was use to assign patients to two group with 13 and 27 quadrants. In group 1, an extended fixed retainer (from the second premolar on one side to the second premolar on the other side) and in group 2 FSW retainer (from the canine tooth on one side to the canine tooth on the other side) in association with overnight use of Hawley plaque were administered. Opening of the interdental space was evaluated by measuring the distance between the mandibular second premolar and first molar on each side in both groups using a leaf gauge at baseline and 2 and 6 months after placing the retainers in the oral cavity. Wilcoxon’s test was used to compare the spaces between the mandibular second premolar and first molar in each group at each time interval. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare changes in interdental spaces between the two retainer types.
Results: The interdental spaces decreased from the time of debonding up to two months after debonding, which was statistically significant in the FSW + Hawley group (P = 0.21). During the next 4 months, the space remained unchanged in the extended FSW group and slightly increased in the FSW + Hawley group, which was not significant. In general, the interdental space decreased from the debonding session up to six months later, which was not statistically significant (P = 0.91).
Conclusions: Both extended fixed retainer and fixed retainer in association with the overnight use of Hawley restrainer were successful in keeping the extraction space closed in fixed orthodontic patients during the first 6 months.
Arezoo Jahanbin; Habibollah Esmaily; Yasaman Sardari
Abstract
Aim: A successful orthodontic treatment depends on a variety of Factors such as patient cooperation. Prediction of patient cooperation could be helpful for anticipating problems that might arise during treatment and alleviating them before they can interfere with treatment. Thus the aim of present study ...
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Aim: A successful orthodontic treatment depends on a variety of Factors such as patient cooperation. Prediction of patient cooperation could be helpful for anticipating problems that might arise during treatment and alleviating them before they can interfere with treatment. Thus the aim of present study was to determine the relationship between psychological factors and cooperation of orthodontic patients.Methods and Materials: In this cross-sectional study, 48 Class I female fixed orthodontic patients (13-17 years old) were selected. For all patients Eyesenck questionnaires were completed and personality status of each patient for extroversion, neuroticism, psychoyicism and lie was determined. Patients' cooperation was also assessed through evaluating patients' folders in the first year after treatment using Orthodontic Patient Cooperation Scale. Finally, Spearman correlation test and t- test were used for statistical analysis.Results: The results of present study revealed that there exists a negative relationship between Extraversion (E), Neurosis (N) and Psychosis(P) traits of the Juvenile Eyesenck Personality Test(See Appendix) with patients' cooperation in the girls and a positive relationship between Lying trait(L) of the test and the cooperation. However, the results of Spearman correlation test showed there were no significant differences between patients' cooperation and PEN and L trails of the Juvenile Eyesenck Personality Test (p-value> 0.05).Conclusion: Orthodontic patients' psychological features could not predict their cooperation exactly.
