Orthodontics
Somasundara Ramadevi; Anjith Shirley Gladstone; Sarala Manjappa Laxmikanth; Chunduri Raghunandan; Jairaj Vani; Shrikanth Shendre; Khan Mahamad Irfanulla; Maqbool Sameena Begum; Riyaz Khadeer
Abstract
Aim: The use of pre-procedural mouth rinse for prevention of COVID-19 can reduce viral load but can alter the bond strength. The purpose of this study was to determine any correlation between the use of these pre-procedural mouth rinse and the shear-bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets.Methods: ...
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Aim: The use of pre-procedural mouth rinse for prevention of COVID-19 can reduce viral load but can alter the bond strength. The purpose of this study was to determine any correlation between the use of these pre-procedural mouth rinse and the shear-bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets.Methods: Thirty-three maxillary premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes were used. The buccal surfaces of all teeth were bonded with orthodontic brackets. Later, each tooth was embedded into acrylic resin and stored in distilled water. Teeth were randomly divided into three groups (group I: hydrogen peroxide mouth rinse, group II: povidone-iodine mouth rinse, and group III: artificial saliva), and stored in each solution for 12 hours. Later, each tooth was subjected to SBS testing using a universal testing machine. Data were statistically evaluated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc test (Tukey’s HSD) with a significance of p< 0.05.Results: The highest mean SBS was observed in the artificial saliva (control group), followed by the povidone-iodine and hydrogen peroxide groups.Conclusion: Hydrogen peroxide mouth rinses should not be used during fixed orthodontic treatment because it alters bond strength.
Orthodontics
Nirali Mehulbhai Shah; Khyati Viral Patel; Ajay Kubavat; Manish Desai; Harshit Arvindbhai Patel; Nikunj Harikrushn Prajapati
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the in vitro study was to examine the enamel surface after the application of four different methods for adhesive removal following the bracket debonding procedure, as well as to compare their effects on enamel surface.Methods: Premolars (n=60) were randomly assigned to four groups. After ...
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Aim: The aim of the in vitro study was to examine the enamel surface after the application of four different methods for adhesive removal following the bracket debonding procedure, as well as to compare their effects on enamel surface.Methods: Premolars (n=60) were randomly assigned to four groups. After initial debonding and recording the shear bond strength (SBS), adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were assessed. The removal method for each of the four groups was the use of 1) a round bur, 2) rubber wheel bur, 3)12 fluted tungsten carbide bur, and 4) scaler. After that, teeth in all four groups were kept in artificial saliva for one month. After rebonding with a new bracket, again the SBS and ARI scores were measured. Two representative samples from each group were examined under a scanning electron microscope. ……. P-value <0.05 was considered as significant. ANOVA test was used to assess the SBS association within the group. Paired T test was used to assess the SBS between the group. fisher’s exact test was performed to compare ARI index before and after.Results: There was significant decrease in secondary SBS value in group 1 but significant increase in secondary SBS value in group 3, and a slight decrease in SBS value in group 4. In SEM images, there were composite remnants in all the four groups with fewer remnants in group 2. Enamel surface damage was observed in the SEM image of group 3. ARI scores showed no significant difference.Conclusion: Adhesive remnant removal efficiency of the round bur and scaler are less. Rubber wheel bur is a good choice of instrument for removal of adhesive remnants from tooth surface as it does not affect the bond strength. Tungsten carbide bur shows good results, as secondary bonding SBS value increased. Significant difference between ARI scores did not exist, indicating a higher number of mixed type failure in all groups.
Roya Naseh; Nima Rahnamoon; Maryam Afshari
Abstract
Background: Assure Universal Bonding Resin is capable of providing a strong bond between orthodontic attachments and amalgam surfaces.
Objectives: This study sought to assess the shear bond strength of orthodontic attachments to amalgam surfaces using Assure Universal Bonding Resin after different surface ...
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Background: Assure Universal Bonding Resin is capable of providing a strong bond between orthodontic attachments and amalgam surfaces.
Objectives: This study sought to assess the shear bond strength of orthodontic attachments to amalgam surfaces using Assure Universal Bonding Resin after different surface treatments.
Methods: This in-vitro experimental study was conducted on 120 amalgam samples in eight groups of surface roughening with diamond bur, sandblasting with aluminum oxide particles, Er, Cr: YSGG laser irradiation and polishing-only. Molar buccal tubes were bonded to amalgam surfaces using Assure primer and Transbond Plus light-cure composite. Half the samples were immediately subjected to shear bond strength testing while the remaining half were incubated at 37°C for one week, thermocycled (1000 cycles) and were then subjected to shear bond strength test. One-way ANOVA was applied to compare the bond strength of the groups and Tukey’s test was used for pairwise comparisons. The adhesive remnant index (ARI; 4 point-scale) was also determined in the groups and the results were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Significant differences were noted in shear bond strength of attachments following the application of Assure among different surface treatment modalities (P < 0.001); the highest bond strength was noted in sandblasted group followed by laser, bur and polishing, respectively. Aging had no significant effect on bond strength.
Conclusions: Sandblasting and irradiation of Er, Cr: YSGG laser provided sufficiently high bond strength between amalgam and attachments following the application of Assure. Diamond bur and polishing did not provide adequately high bond strength.
Mashallah Khanehmasjedi; Mohammad Ali Naseri; Samaneh Khanehmasjedi
Abstract
Objectives: The present study was carried out to compare the shear bond strength of metallic brackets bonded with single Bond and Assure bonding agents under dry and saliva contamination conditions. Materials and Methods: A total 60 sound premolar teeth were selected for the purpose of this in vitro ...
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Objectives: The present study was carried out to compare the shear bond strength of metallic brackets bonded with single Bond and Assure bonding agents under dry and saliva contamination conditions. Materials and Methods: A total 60 sound premolar teeth were selected for the purpose of this in vitro study and stainless steel brackets were bonded on enamel surfaces with single bond and assure bonding agents under a dry condition or with salivary contamination. The shear bond strength values of the brackets were measured in a universal testing machine. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were determined after debonding of the brackets under a stereomicroscope. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze bond strength. Two-by-two comparisons were made with post hoc Tukey tests (P < 0.001). The frequencies of ARI scores were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The bond strength values of brackets to tooth structure were 9.29 ± 8.56 and 21.25 ± 8.93 MPa with the use of Assure resin bonding agent under saliva contamination and dry conditions, respectively. These values were 10.13 ± 6.69 and 14.09 ± 6.6 MPa, respectively, under the same conditions with the use of single bond adhesive. Contamination with saliva resulted in a significant decrease in the bond strength of brackets to tooth structure with the application of Assure adhesive resin (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the ARI scores between the different study groups.
Conclusions: Application of single bond and assure bonding agents resulted in adequate bond strength of brackets to tooth structures. Contamination with saliva significantly decreased the bond strength of Assure bonding agent compared to dry conditions.
Saeid Sadeghian; Meysam Mahabadi; H. Saadat Hosseini; B. Sabagh
Abstract
Background and aim: Laser ablation as an alternative method for etching porcelain has been proposed. However,previous studies have reported contrasting results. This study is designed to investigate techniques that could obtain maximum bond strength and also modes of their fracture.Materials and method: ...
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Background and aim: Laser ablation as an alternative method for etching porcelain has been proposed. However,previous studies have reported contrasting results. This study is designed to investigate techniques that could obtain maximum bond strength and also modes of their fracture.Materials and method: Fifty samples of porcelain fused to metal according to surface preparation were divided into five groups: 1.HF acid(9.6%) 2. HF acid+ silane 3. Co2 laser (2w, 30 s) 4. Co2 laser+silane 5.removing the glazed layer with diamond bur (controls). After bonding orthodontic brackets and thermocycling process, the shear bond strength (SBS) measured with Instron. Results analyzed by one way ANOVA and Least Significant Difference (p < 0.001). pattern of debonding was investigated with light microscope and results were analyzed by Kruskall wallis and Mann-whitney (p < 0.001).Results: results showed bond strength of Co2 laser (2 w) was clinically high although it was lower than HF acid samples, with better mode of fracture.Conclusion: HF acid in combination with silane showed the highest shear bond strength value while irradiation of grouped pulse Co2 laser for 30 s in combination with silane could be an alternative for HF acid etching.
Abdolrahim Davari; Soghra Yassaei; Mahdjoube Goldani Moghadam; H. Zoghi
Abstract
Aim: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of thermocycling on shear bond strengths (SBSs) of a light cured compositeafterdifferent thermal cycles.Materials and methods: 80 Bovine incisors were randomly divided into 4 groups of 20 teeth. Each teeth were etched with 37% phosphoric acid ...
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Aim: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of thermocycling on shear bond strengths (SBSs) of a light cured compositeafterdifferent thermal cycles.Materials and methods: 80 Bovine incisors were randomly divided into 4 groups of 20 teeth. Each teeth were etched with 37% phosphoric acid and brackets were bonded using a light cured composite (Resilience). Thermocycling was done between 5° C and 55° C for 500, 3000 and 6000 cycles in group 2,3 and 4 respectively. Teeth in group1 (control group) were not being thermocycled. The SBS values were measured by means of Dartec testing machine.
Results: The results showed significantly higher SBS values for the control group compared to test groups (2-3 and 4). No significant different was observed between test groups.
Conclusion: Thermal changes during thermocycling significantly reduce the mean SBS of conventional etch and rinse adhesive system (Resilience), but SBS in 500, 300 and 6000 cycles had no significant difference. Clinical significance: Alteration in values of shear bond strengths under thermocycling would be representative of expected behavior of orthodontic brackets in clinical situations.
Nasrin Farhadian; Amirfarhang Miresmaeili; Loghman Rezaei Soufi; Fahimeh Baghaei; Ehsan Shahvali
Abstract
Aim: of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of Co2 laser irradiation on demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets and their shear bond strength in human premolar teeth. Enamel demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets is a major problem that requires new professional method ...
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Aim: of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of Co2 laser irradiation on demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets and their shear bond strength in human premolar teeth. Enamel demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets is a major problem that requires new professional method independent to patient cooperation.
Materials and methods: Sixty human premolars were randomly divided to two groups (n=30). Group1, enamel surface irradiated with Co2 laser. Group2 without any enamel surface treatment. In both groups, a bracket at buccal surface was bonded with Transbond XT and cured with conventional light cure. Demineralization in all sample induced with artificial caries solutions. A universal testing machine was used to determine shear bond strengths. The teeth were sectioned bucco-lingually and were evaluated under polarized light microscope. Average lesion depths were calculated from three depth measurements. The Two independent sample T- tests were used to compare the study type group in detail.
Results: The mean of shear bond strengths in the group1 and 2 were 13.90±5.01and 15.84 ±3.68 Mpa respectively, but not statistically significant (P=0.102).The mean lesion depth in group1and 2 was 72.29±58.09 µm 120.01±76.49µm respectively, which was significant (P=0.018). Conclusion: Co2 laser irradiation can reduce enamel demineralization while not affecting the shear bond strengths significantly.
Masood Feizbakhsh; Mehrdad Barekatain; Ehsan Borhani; Fatemeh Teimoori
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength [SBS] of two different light sources, light-emitting diode and quartz-tungsten halogen, under thermal cycle frequencies. Method and materials: Sixty human premolar teeth were divided into two groups, on which composite (Transbond ...
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Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength [SBS] of two different light sources, light-emitting diode and quartz-tungsten halogen, under thermal cycle frequencies. Method and materials: Sixty human premolar teeth were divided into two groups, on which composite (Transbond XT™ adhesive paste) cured with light-emitting diode in group I, and with quartz-tungsten halogen in group II. Samples thermocycled 500 cycles, the exposure to each bath was 10 seconds and the transfer time between the two baths was 10 seconds. 500 cycles between 5°C and 55°C were performed. An Instron testing machine [Dartec Hc.10, England] was used for the shear bond test at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min. Force was applied directly to the bracket–tooth interface. The load at failure was recorded by a personal computer connected to the test machine. SBS values were expressed in mega Pascal [MPa]. T-test was used to compare the shear bond strength between two groups. Results: The comparison of both groups indicated that the quartz-tungsten halogen groups demonstrated higher mean shear bond strength [p=19.947Mpa] than light-emitting diode groups [19.878Mpa]. There was no statistical difference in the shear bond strength values between the two light sources. [P value =0.918] Conclusions: Both light sources showed favorable shear bond strength performance and there was no statistical difference in the shear bond strength values between these two light sources.
Nasrin Farhadian; Amirfarhang Miresmaeili; Loghman Rezaei Soufi; Fahimeh Baghaei; Ehsan Shahvali
Abstract
Aim: of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of Co2 laser irradiation on demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets and their shear bond strength in human premolar teeth. Enamel demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets is a major problem that requires new professional method ...
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Aim: of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of Co2 laser irradiation on demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets and their shear bond strength in human premolar teeth. Enamel demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets is a major problem that requires new professional method independent to patient cooperation.Materials and methods: Sixty human premolars were randomly divided to two groups (n=30). Group1, enamel surface irradiated with Co2 laser. Group2 without any enamel surface treatment. In both groups, a bracket at buccal surface was bonded with Transbond XT and cured with conventional light cure. Demineralization in all sample induced with artificial caries solutions. A universal testing machine was used to determine shear bond strengths. The teeth were sectioned bucco-lingually and were evaluated under polarized light microscope. Average lesion depths were calculated from three depth measurements. The Two independent sample T- tests were used to compare the study type group in detail.
Results: The mean of shear bond strengths in the group1 and 2 were 13.90±5.01and 15.84 ±3.68 Mpa respectively, but not statistically significant (P=0.102).The mean lesion depth in group1and 2 was 72.29±58.09 µm 120.01±76.49µm respectively, which was significant (P=0.018).Conclusion: Co2 laser irradiation can reduce enamel demineralization while not affecting the shear bond strengths significantly.
Valiollah Arash; Abdolmajid Alizadeh
Abstract
Aim: There are currently many patients who need orthodontic treatment. Given the high expense of orthodontic therapy and the fact that orthodontic brackets are recyclable elements, this study was carried out to compare the shear Bond strength of new and recycled brackets in vitro.materials and Method: ...
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Aim: There are currently many patients who need orthodontic treatment. Given the high expense of orthodontic therapy and the fact that orthodontic brackets are recyclable elements, this study was carried out to compare the shear Bond strength of new and recycled brackets in vitro.materials and Method: Thirty healthy extracted first premolars without cracks or decay were selected. the teeth were randomly assigned to two groups and etched by 37% phosphoric acid for 30 seconds. An icy surface was obtained and brackets (018 standard Dentaurum)were assigned equally to two groups of 15 new and recycled brackets each. After 500 round thermo-cycling in temperatures between 5°C and 55°C, shear bond strength was obtained by dividing the force by bracket cross-sector. The Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) and the Enamel detachment index (EDI) were evaluated.
Results: Average shear Bond strengths for the new and recycled brackets were 17.5717±7.3929 Mpa and 16.6811±5.3899 Mpa, respectively. There were no significant and differences in Bond strength between two brackets. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in EDI and ARI ratios.Conclusion: With respect to shear Bond strength, recycled brackets may be a viable option for fixed orthodontic treatment in clinical practice.
Valiollah Arash; Shaghayegh Bozorgzadeh
Abstract
Aim: Light cure composites are routinely used to attach orthodontic brackets, so bond strength and cure time must be considered. Ilowever, the disadvantages of the conventional halogen apparatus include heat and lengthy composite curing. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare shear bond ...
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Aim: Light cure composites are routinely used to attach orthodontic brackets, so bond strength and cure time must be considered. Ilowever, the disadvantages of the conventional halogen apparatus include heat and lengthy composite curing. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets composite cured by plasma arc (PAC), conventional halogen (QTII), light- emitting diode (LED) and self-cure.Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, sixty premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic purposes from patients tinder 18 years of age were collected and divided into four equal groups. In the first group, the brackets were bonded by self-cure composite. In the second, third, and fourth groups, they were bonded by halogen, LED and plasma arc, respectively. The samples were thcrmocycicd and finally the force required for brackt failure was measured. Shear bond strength was obtained by dividing the exerted force by the bracket base surface. AR1 (Adhesive Remnant Index) and EDI(Enamel Detachment index) were also evaluated. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by TUKEY test.
Results: Average shear bond strengths were 14.7±5.4 MPa in the self—cure group, 14.6±5.3 MPa in the halogen group, 14.7±4.5 MPa in the LED group, and 14.2±5 MPa in the plasma group. There were no significant differences among the groups. EDI and AR1 did not differ between the light-cure and self-cure groups.
Conclusion: No significant difference was observed in shear bond strength among different methods of composite curing. Therefore, despite the high cost of plasma arc, it is recommended in order to reduce operation time.
Hamidreza Pakshir; R Rostami; AA Alavi
Abstract
Background and aim: Different adhesives have been used for bonding orthodontic brackets to teeth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using Core Max II in bracket bonding by comparing it's shear bond strength with the two commonly used orthodontic adhesives; Transbond XT and Unite.
Subjects ...
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Background and aim: Different adhesives have been used for bonding orthodontic brackets to teeth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using Core Max II in bracket bonding by comparing it's shear bond strength with the two commonly used orthodontic adhesives; Transbond XT and Unite.
Subjects and Methods: In this interventional study, 105 human premolars were divided into 3 groups of 35 each. After etching with 37% phosphoric acid, Dyna-Lock stainless steel brackets (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA) with the average base surface area of 12.09 mm2 were bonded with three different adhesives: Core Max II (Sankin, Tokyo, Japan) Transbond XT (3M Unitek) and Unite (3M Unitek). The shear bond strength of 3 groups were measured by a universal testing machine (lnstron 3401, Canton, Mass) with cross- head speed of 0.5 mm/min. Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) was determined under 10x magnification. For data analysis, SPSS statistical package was used.
Results: Mean shear bond strength of Core Max 11 (17.24± 3.2 MPa) was significantly higher than Transbond XT (15.44 ± 2.2 MPa) (P=0.009) but had not statistically difference with Unite (17.16 ± 3.7 MPa) (P=0.93). Evaluation of ARI indicated that 83% of Core Max II samples had score 0 or 1 and 17% had score 2 or 3. These percentages were 66% and 34% for Transbond XT and 77% and 23% for Unite, respectively.
Conclusion: In this study, it was concluded that: 1) Core Max II had a shear bond strength higher that Transbond XT and equal to Unite. 2) ARI of Core Max II showed a higher frequency of score 0 and 1, which indicated that after debonding, most of the adhesive remains on the bracket base. 3) Core Max II has the potential of being a good orthodontic adhesive. (IJO 2006; 1: 42 - 47)
Hossein Pezeshki Rad; Maryam Poosti; Mostafa Moazami; Sara Moshaverniad
Abstract
Aim: Application of light cure composites has become very popular in orthodontics. The aim of this study was to compare shear bond strength (SBS) of Ideal Maccoo and Vit L-essence light cure composites in bracket bonding after thermocycling.
Materials and Methods: 100 intact freshly extracted upper ...
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Aim: Application of light cure composites has become very popular in orthodontics. The aim of this study was to compare shear bond strength (SBS) of Ideal Maccoo and Vit L-essence light cure composites in bracket bonding after thermocycling.
Materials and Methods: 100 intact freshly extracted upper first premolars were randomly assigned into four equal groups. In the first and second group Vit L-essence composite was applied to the bracket base and transferred to buccal enamel surface and cured for 40 seconds. In the third and fourth group Ideal Maccoo composite was used for bracket bonding. After 24 hours the teeth in the first and third group were thermocycled between 5 to 55°C and then debonding was performed by Zwick testing machine. The mean shear bond strength of four groups was compared by ANOVA test.
Results: There was no significant difference between Vit L-essence and Ideal Maccoo composite either before or after thermo cycling. SBS also did not differ significantly before and after thermo cycling in each single group.
Conclusion: It was concluded that: 1-Therrnocycling did not affect the SBS of Vit-Lessence and Ideal Maccoo composite in bracket bonding. 2- There was no significant difference in SBS of Vit L-essence and Ideal Maccoo composite either before or after themocycling (DO 2006; 1:168-71).