Shabnam Ajami; Hooman Zarif Najafi; Sareh Mahdavi
Abstract
Background: The evaluation of the soft tissue facial profile is essential to achieve facial harmony in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.
Objectives: This study aimed to develop soft tissue angular photogrammetric norms for a sample of Iranian population.
Patients and Methods: Standardized ...
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Background: The evaluation of the soft tissue facial profile is essential to achieve facial harmony in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.
Objectives: This study aimed to develop soft tissue angular photogrammetric norms for a sample of Iranian population.
Patients and Methods: Standardized profile photographic records were taken from 34 men and 37 women. Twelve measurements were analyzed on each photograph by AutoCad software. For statistical evaluation a Student’s t-test was used and the reliability of the method was assessed by using Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) within a four week interval. Results: Three of the angles showed sexual differences: nasofrontal (G-N-Prn, P = 0.009), nasal (Cm-Sn/N-Prn, P = 0.012) and vertical nasal (N-Prn/Tv, P = 0.029). Other nine angles showed statistically insignificant gender differences (P > 0.05). Two of the angles that suggested gender differences were wider in females: nasofrontal and nasal angle while the third angle was wider in males. Other angles such as nasolabial (Cm-Sn-Ls), mentolabial (Li-Sm-Pg), nasal dorsum (N-Mn-Prn) and angle of the total convexity (G-Prn-Pg) were also found wider in females. The inferior third was larger than the middle third. Mentolabial angle (Li-Sm-Pg), which had the highest standard deviation, showed the greatest variability.
Conclusions: The results showed gender dimorphism in three of the measurements: the nasofrontal, the nasal and the vertical nasal angles. Another significant finding was the large variability for the mentolabial angle. The result of this measurement should be assessed with caution.
Bijan Moghbel; Ahmad Sodagar; Tahura Etezadi; Amirfarhang Miresmaeili
Abstract
Aim: Facial appearance is an important factor for a successful orthodontic treatment that include soft-tissue profile, finding of standard cephalometric values for various population can be useful. The aim of this study was To detect the mean soft tissue facial profile for Iranian adolescent as determined ...
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Aim: Facial appearance is an important factor for a successful orthodontic treatment that include soft-tissue profile, finding of standard cephalometric values for various population can be useful. The aim of this study was To detect the mean soft tissue facial profile for Iranian adolescent as determined by the Holdaway analysis and also detect any differences between values of boys and girls. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalometric radiographs for 58 Iranian adolescent with normal occlusion were used. sample were consist of 35 girls (mean age 16y,7m) and 23 boys (mean age 15y,3m). All of subjects were positioned in cephalostat with the lips in rest and the teeth in centric occlusion. The landmarks were detected on the basis of Holdaway definition. Results: Iranian soft tissue showed differences in some variables when comparing to Holdaway ideal values including upper lip sulcus depth, soft-tissue subnasal to H-line, inferior sulcus to H line, skeletal profile convexity and H angle, but all of them were in the normal range. Soft tissue chin thickness was the only parameter that showed differences from normal range. When comparing two sexes, upper lip thickness and soft tissue chin thickness were greater in boys in relation to girls. Conclusions: Persian people differ from Holdaway's soft tissue norms in an increased skeletal profile convexity, H angle, and soft tissue chin thickness. These are recommended for use when formulating a treatment plan for this ethnic group. Iranian boys had thicker upper lip and greater soft tissue chin thickness in relation to girls.