Orthodontics
Fahimeh Farzanegan; Farnaz Zia; Lohrasb Dehghani; Milad Zarei
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of growth modification treatments on oral health-related quality of life in adolescents aged 11 to 14 years with Class II malocclusion.
Methods: Eighty people participated in this case-control study. The case group (n=43) included adolescents with a history ...
Read More
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of growth modification treatments on oral health-related quality of life in adolescents aged 11 to 14 years with Class II malocclusion.
Methods: Eighty people participated in this case-control study. The case group (n=43) included adolescents with a history of Class II malocclusion treated with growth modification. The control group consisted of 37 adolescents with Class II malocclusion who were not treated. Both groups were given a translation of the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ), measuring the quality of life in four domains: oral symptoms, functional limitations, psychological health, and social well-being. Data were statistically analyzed by SPSS software and a significance level of 0.05 was considered.
Results: The oral health-related quality of life of the case group was better than the control group in all areas although this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.204).
Conclusion: The oral health-related quality of life between two groups was not different; however, the difference in mental health components between the two groups was clinically negligible.
Orthodontics
Matilda Mtaya-Mlangwa; Gustav Rwekaza
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the association between malocclusion, self-perception, self-esteem, and socio-demographic factors among primary schoolchildren in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study that involved children aged 10-12 years from primary ...
Read More
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the association between malocclusion, self-perception, self-esteem, and socio-demographic factors among primary schoolchildren in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study that involved children aged 10-12 years from primary schools in Dar es Salaam. A questionnaire was used to obtain information about the participants’ socio-demographics, self-perception and self-esteem. Clinical examination was done to determine their occlusal statuses. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22.0), and Chi-square test and logistic regression model were used to assess statistically significant differences between variables. P<0.05 was considered as significant.Results: A total of 620 schoolchildren participated in this study. The overall prevalence of malocclusion was 66.5%. Undesirable self-perception was reported in 34.0% and self-esteem issues in 30.0% of the schoolchildren. Significantly, many participants with less educated fathers had malocclusion compared with their counterparts (p=0.002). Furthermore, most children with malocclusion perceived themselves negatively and reported lower self-esteem compared with those who had no malocclusion (78.7% vs. 21.3%, p=0.000 and 75.8% vs. 24.2%, p=0.001, respectively). In the logistic regression model, the presence of malocclusion remained as a significant determinant of schoolchildren perceiving themselves negatively and reporting lower self-esteem (OR: 2.4, CI: 1.62-3.54, p= 0.000 and OR: 1.82, CI: 1.23-2.7, p= 0.003, respectively).Conclusion: Conclusion: The presence of malocclusion was associated with children's negative self-perception and lower self-esteem. Malocclusion prevention and early interventions in children are highly recommended.
Orthodontics
S.Kutalmış Buyuk; Feridun Abay; Omer Ufkun Yıldırım; Ozgur Enginyurt
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the level of awareness and knowledge of family physicians regarding oral and maxillofacial evaluations and orthodontic treatment.Methods: The survey was designed as 21 questions and sent to family physicians in Turkiye. The participants were asked about their ...
Read More
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the level of awareness and knowledge of family physicians regarding oral and maxillofacial evaluations and orthodontic treatment.Methods: The survey was designed as 21 questions and sent to family physicians in Turkiye. The participants were asked about their age, gender, place of work, years of experience, regions evaluated during the routine examination, and level of orthodontic awareness and knowledge.Results: A total of 400 family physicians completed the survey. There was a significant difference in the referral rate of family physicians working in university hospitals (p<0.01), years of experience (p<0.001), whether evaluating the head and neck region (p<0.05), and the jaw positions during a routine examination (p<0.001) and for those who performed an intraoral examination and who checked dental crowding (p<0.001). When evaluating the head and neck region and dental crowding in routine examinations, a significant difference was found in the number of experienced family physicians (p<0.05).Conclusion: Awareness of the facial profile and having orthodontic knowledge was relatively high in the family physicians who participated in our study; however, their number of oral and maxillofacial evaluations were found to be low in routine examinations. It would be beneficial to organize seminars, conferences, and symposiums to increase the awareness and knowledge of family physicians on the oral and maxillofacial region and how to conduct efficient orthodontic evaluations.
Orthodontics
Foroozan Farahbod; Sepideh Dadgar; Farhad Sobouti; Ali Malekzadeh Shafaroudi; Sajad Yousefi; Ali Nowruzy
Abstract
Background: Superimposition of left and right structures is an issue in lateral cephalometric radiographs in dentistry, making it challenging to measure structures, including the gonial angle. Panoramic radiography contains fewer superimposing structures; therefore, it could measure the gonial angle. ...
Read More
Background: Superimposition of left and right structures is an issue in lateral cephalometric radiographs in dentistry, making it challenging to measure structures, including the gonial angle. Panoramic radiography contains fewer superimposing structures; therefore, it could measure the gonial angle. This study aimed to compare the gonial angle in panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs in different skeletal patterns.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 240 panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs were collected from the archives of Sari Dental School. The gonial angle of each radiograph was traced and measured with a conveyor. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA and paired t-test, and P-value <0.05 were considered significant.Results: The paired t-test of the gonial angle did not show a statistically significant difference between different skeletal groups when measured using panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs. According to the results, the p-value of the difference between the right and left gonial angles in skeletal class III patients (p=0.019) was obtained larger than the test level (p=0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a statistically significant difference between the size of the left and right gonial angles in panoramic radiographs of skeletal class III patients. Conclusion: Panoramic radiography can be an accurate alternative to lateral cephalometric radiographs for measuring the gonial angle in different skeletal patterns due to the lower radiation it exposes to the patient.
Parastoo Namdar; Atena Shiva; Tahura Etezadi; Jamshid YazdaniCharati; Hossein Karami; Sina Iri
Volume 15, Issue 2 , September 2020, , Pages 1-5
Abstract
Introduction: Iran lies in the world’s thalassemia belt; accordingly, the beta-thalassemia gene is carried by 4% of the Iranian population. Due to the dearth of research and literature available on the prevalence of malocclusions in the Iranian population with beta-thalassemia major, this study ...
Read More
Introduction: Iran lies in the world’s thalassemia belt; accordingly, the beta-thalassemia gene is carried by 4% of the Iranian population. Due to the dearth of research and literature available on the prevalence of malocclusions in the Iranian population with beta-thalassemia major, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and severity of facial abnormalities among patients who were referred to Bu-Ali Sina Hospital, Sari, Iran.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 patients with thalassemia major who were referred to the care unit of Bu-Ali Sina teaching and therapeutic Hospital, Sari, Iran, in 2018. The patients were then visited by a trained dentist who had been given the necessary theoretical and practical training. Malocclusion was classified based on Angle’s classification. Spacing, overcrowding, overjet, and overbite were measured, and the distances were recorded based on a checklist.
Results: The prevalence of malocclusions obtained was 87.5%, which includedmalocclusions of Class I (34%), Class II (31%), and Classes III (22%) amongst patients. There was no significant relationship between the type of malocclusion and gender (P = 0.77). Moreover, no significant difference was observed among patients with thalassemia major and different classes of malocclusions in terms of age both in males (P = 0.49) and females (P = 0.58).
Conclusions: Malocclusions are common among adolescents and adults with thalassemia, which is not associated with age or gender. Therefore, patients should be regularly visited and followed up by a dentist to manage and control their dental problems. In addition, effective and preventive measures, as well as health education should be seriously considered in these patients.
Samaneh Sadeghi; Zohreh Hedayati
Abstract
Background: Reverse chin cap appliance consists of a removable plate that is attached to a vertical projection hooks via elastics. This appliance is preferred for treatment of combination of maxillary retrognathia and mandibular prognathism malocclusion.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess ...
Read More
Background: Reverse chin cap appliance consists of a removable plate that is attached to a vertical projection hooks via elastics. This appliance is preferred for treatment of combination of maxillary retrognathia and mandibular prognathism malocclusion.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the reverse chin cap appliance to hard and soft tissues.
Methods: In this retrospective study 16 consecutive Class III patients (6 females, 10 males) with mean age of 9.3 ± 2 (Mean ± SD) years, who were treated with reverse chin cap appliance were selected. Pre- and post- treatment lateral cephalograms were analyzed. The overall changes were compared with growth changes in 20 control samples of Class I (10 females and 10 males) with Cl I occlusion and average age of 9.9 ± 3 (Mean ± SD) years. Independent Samples t-test was used to compare mean differences between the two of them. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05. Results: At the end of treatment in treatment group, SNB angle decreased 3.7º and ANB angle increased by 2.9º both (P = 0.005). Mandibular length decreased 0.18 mm (P = 0.009). Lower incisors retroclined 10.03º (P = 0.001). Linear distance of the upper lip and lower lip to the E-line significantly decreased 2.3 mm (P = 0.04) 1.1 mm (P = 0.05) respectively. Nasolabial angle decreased significantly 4.1º (P = 0.005).
Conclusions: Reverse chin cap appliance therapy has a skeletal and dental effects. This treatment is effective in correction of the Cl III malocclusion by retroclination of the lower incisors, and retardation of mandibular growth. At the end of treatment, soft tissue profile
Shaik Hasanuddin; Irukulla Venkat Ramana; Zafaruddin Mohammed
Abstract
Introduction: Macrodontia or Megadontia or Megalodontia is simple enlargement of all tooth structures. Most of the literature regarding this condition belongs to 1970’s and 80’s and very recent clinical case reports in different ethinic groups are lacking. The etiology of unilateral versus ...
Read More
Introduction: Macrodontia or Megadontia or Megalodontia is simple enlargement of all tooth structures. Most of the literature regarding this condition belongs to 1970’s and 80’s and very recent clinical case reports in different ethinic groups are lacking. The etiology of unilateral versus bilateral macrodontia of premolars is unexplained till date. The prevalence of macrodontia of premolars in mandible is higher than in the maxilla. Isolated macrodontia of second premolars has been known by many synonyms like “Macrodont molariform premolars” and “Megadonts”.
Case Presentation: A 16 year old male adolescence patient had reported with a complain of forwardly placed upper front teeth. Routine clinical examination revealed a uniquely-appearing second premolar on the right side of the mandibular arch. The surface area of the crown was two to three times greater than that of normal premolars. There was crowding of the lower anterior teeth with labial placement of lower canines. The intraoral periapical radiograph showed a huge premolar tooth with a single, short, stunted and tapering root. The Model analysis favours expansion of the mandibular arch and extraction of the premolar teeth in maxillary arch for contraction of the arch.
Conclusions: For proper space management, any developmental anamoly involving the shape of the tooth such as a macro premolar or an erupted odontome has to be extracted as early as possible, as part of the orthodontic treatment plan and fixed appliance therapy initiated. Treatment of macropremolars is a challenging task for the orthodontist, as it requires accurate space analysis and space management.
Soghra Yassaei; Hossein Aghili; Zahra Ebrahimi Nik; Hossein Abedi Ardakani
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the maxillary sinus sizes in patients with maxillary excess and maxillary deficiency.
Methods: 120 cephalometric and panoramic radiographs of 12 - 25 years old patients were studied. These radiographs were derived from patients with maxillary deficiency, ...
Read More
Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the maxillary sinus sizes in patients with maxillary excess and maxillary deficiency.
Methods: 120 cephalometric and panoramic radiographs of 12 - 25 years old patients were studied. These radiographs were derived from patients with maxillary deficiency, normal, or excess. Each group consisted of 40 Patients, (20 females and 20 males). Different dimensions of maxillary sinus included maxillary sinus anterior posterior length (M.S.L), maxillary sinus height (M.S.H) and total maxillary sinus area (TMSA) were measured by digital lateral cephalometry and digital panoramic analysis. In AutoCAD program the lines were measured by mm and the area were measured (mm2). All input images into AutoCAD program converted to a unit scale to assess the minimal magnification error. Data were analyzed using t-test and ANOVA. Results: TMSA was highest in the maxillary deficiency group following by the maxillary normal and maxillary excess groups which the differences were statistically significant (P value = 0.008). However no significant differences were noticed by panoramic image measurements (P value = 0.285). The mean of MSH was significantly higher in the maxillary deficiency group compared with the maxillary normal and maxillary excess groups, both in lateral cephalometry (P value < 0.001) and panoramic images (P value = 0.034). Regarding the MSL no significant differences were seen among the study groups both in lateral cephalometry and panoramic images.
Conclusions: According to the result of this study TMSA and MSH were significantly higher in maxillary deficiency group in comparison with the maxillary normal and excess groups.
Seyed Hossein Moslemzadeh; Negar Moghaddam; Saeid Foroughi Moghaddam; Ali Rafighi; Morteza Ghojazadeh; Farzaneh Rasouli
Abstract
Background: Interclinoid ligament calcification and dimensional changes in Sella Turcica seen on cephalometric radiographs are associated with some bone abnormalities as well as normal variations. Merging of anterior and posterior clinoid processes, known as Sella Turcica bridging or roofing and other ...
Read More
Background: Interclinoid ligament calcification and dimensional changes in Sella Turcica seen on cephalometric radiographs are associated with some bone abnormalities as well as normal variations. Merging of anterior and posterior clinoid processes, known as Sella Turcica bridging or roofing and other changes in this area may occur as a part of large skeletal growth changes in body and may have association with craniofacial skeletal patterns development.
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare Sella Turcica bridging and dimensions of patients with various skeletal patterns to investigate whether there is a correlation between Sella Turcica region changes with skeletal patterns or not, and on the other hand, to know if these changes could be used as predictive indices for growing patients skeletal patterns. Materials and Methods: A total of 108 cephalometric radiographs (36 Class I, 36 Class II, and 36 Class III) were randomly selected for evaluation. Sella Turcica was traced on acetate paper and scanned to produce digital images. The dimensions of Sella Turcica were measured with computer software using the Silverman, Kisling, and Axelsson method. To determine bridging, Leonardi’s method was employed. To determine the association of Sella Turcica bridging and dimensions with different malocclusions, chi-squared test and one-way ANOVA were used. Results: The means of Sella Turcica lengths in three groups were significantly different (P = 0.01). Mean depth and diameter, however, were not significantly different between malocclusions. In addition, bridging was not significantly different among three malocclusions evaluated.
Conclusions: According to the results, mean length of Sella Turcica, rather than depth and diameter, was significantly associated with the type of malocclusion. Sella Turcica cavity length is larger in Cl III patients in comparison with Cl I ones and may have predictive value in some instances.
Fatemeh Gorjizadeh; Maryam Javaheri Mahd; Abdo Rahim Maktabi
Abstract
Background: Prediction of the mesio-distal width of the unerupted premolars and canine is an important point to the practitioner.
Objectives: The main goal of this study was to find the relationship of the teeth size to be used when needed in treatments planning. Materials and Methods: 200 plaster casts ...
Read More
Background: Prediction of the mesio-distal width of the unerupted premolars and canine is an important point to the practitioner.
Objectives: The main goal of this study was to find the relationship of the teeth size to be used when needed in treatments planning. Materials and Methods: 200 plaster casts including 5600 teeth were measured and studies. A caliper with accuracy of 0.1 mm was used for measuring teeth and most teeth were measured twice and the average value was considered as the teeth size. In all cases, the vernier calipers jaws were moved along the teeth longitudinal axis and the biggest width was measured in the contact point area.
Results: Tables of mesiodistal widths of the permanent teeth and some equations were prepared. The measurement difference varied from 0 to 0.04 mm. the average value of difference was 0.016 mm with SD of 0.02 mm. All teeth in male are bigger than those in female and this different is most evident in canine teeth, especially the lower jaw canine teeth.
Conclusions: At the end of this study an equation was found which was used to measure the total value of mesiodistal width of canine and premolar teeth of upper and lower jaws in a simple and exact way.
Navid Hosseini; Saeide Talezade; Soghra Yassaie; Zahra Moradi
Abstract
Background: Many studies have been conducted in Iran to know the prevalence of malocclusions and orthodontics needs but no study so far has been conducted in Yazd.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anterior open bite (AOBO) among 11 - 12 years old school-aging children ...
Read More
Background: Many studies have been conducted in Iran to know the prevalence of malocclusions and orthodontics needs but no study so far has been conducted in Yazd.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anterior open bite (AOBO) among 11 - 12 years old school-aging children in Yazd, Iran.
Patients and Methods: A total number 550 (278 boys and 272 girls) school aging children between 11 - 12 years old with permanent dentition were selected in this study from Yazd, Iran. The subjects were randomly selected, and none had received previous orthodontic treatment. Clinical examinations were carried out by one trained and calibrated examiner. The occlusal anteriorposterior sagital relationship were assessed based on the angle classification and also the vertical anterior relationship. The statistical software SPSS version 22 was used for the analysis different parameters as gender and age.
Results: AOB was present in 2.9% of subjects. 2.1% of the male and 3.6% of the females students in the sample were affected with anterior open bite. The prevalence of class I, class II and class III malocclusion with AOB was 1.7%, 3.2%, 21.4%, respectively.
Conclusions: This study shows that 2.9% of children examined had anterior open bite malocclusion which required treatment.
Fariborz Jafarpour; Gary A. Estomaguio; Elaheh Vahid Dastjerdi; Sepideh Soheilifar
Abstract
Background: Facial morphology of Asians differs from those of whites and blacks. However, none of the available studies had assessed nasal morphology in Asians with different skeletal malocclusions.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare cephalometric nose morphology among Filipino female ...
Read More
Background: Facial morphology of Asians differs from those of whites and blacks. However, none of the available studies had assessed nasal morphology in Asians with different skeletal malocclusions.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare cephalometric nose morphology among Filipino female and male adults with skeletal class I, II and III relationship.
Patients and Methods: All patients were of Filipino background and had a lateral cephalogram as part of orthodontic records. Upper and lower facial height, nose height, nose length, nose tip projection, were measured in cephalograms.
Results: Facial height did not differ significantly in genders and malocclusions. There was not any statistically significant differences in linear measurement of the nose among various malocclusion, while, nose length and height were greater in males and nose tip projection was larger in females.
Conclusions: Filipino males have longer nose with less prominent tip in comparison with females. Angular measurements of nose are larger in class II malocclusion in comparison with class I and class III.
Navid Hosseini; H. Azadikhah; Soghra Yassaie; Mohammad Tayyebi
Abstract
Background and aim: cross bite is an Abnormal relationship between one or more teeth and their corresponding antagonist tooth so that the buccolingual or labiolingual relationship is opposite. Given the high prevalence and impact of these disorders, diagnosis and early treatment of this problem is very ...
Read More
Background and aim: cross bite is an Abnormal relationship between one or more teeth and their corresponding antagonist tooth so that the buccolingual or labiolingual relationship is opposite. Given the high prevalence and impact of these disorders, diagnosis and early treatment of this problem is very important. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of anterior and posterior cross bite for girls and boys who were 7-10 years old in Yazd, Iran.Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study on 400 students aged 7-10 was carried out using clinical examination. Examinations were performed by the dentist and the presence or absence of crossbite and occlusal relationship was evaluated in the mixed dentition.Results: The prevalence of anterior cross bite is 11% ,12.9% of girls and 9% of boys and prevalence of posterior cross bite was 3.5%, 4.5% in girls and 2.5% in boys. prevalence of anterior cross-bite at age 9 was 11.9% and posterior cross bite at age 10 was 7.1% which are the highest rates reported .In mouth breathing children 35.7% and 21.4%, had anterior and posterior cross bite respectively. The anterior and posterior cross bite was more in Class II malocclusion than any other malocclusion. Among the cases investigated, mouth breathing and malocclusion have correlation with crossbites.Conclusion: Given the prevalence of anterior and posterior cross bite, mothers should be awared on the prevention and control of these disorders and also periodic examinations of children To prevent complications in future.
Soghra Yassaei; Farzaneh Eslami; Roya Ghafouri fard
Abstract
Aim: Considering the importance of stability on the orthodontic treatment outcomes, the instability may cause dentoskeletal and soft tissue changes in patients after the treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate dentoskeletal and facial soft tissue relapse in class II patients whom have been treated ...
Read More
Aim: Considering the importance of stability on the orthodontic treatment outcomes, the instability may cause dentoskeletal and soft tissue changes in patients after the treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate dentoskeletal and facial soft tissue relapse in class II patients whom have been treated with functional appliances. Materials and Methods: 23 patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusion who had received treatment with Farmand functional appliance and had at least two years of post treatment follow up, were evaluated using cephalometric analysis for dentoskeletal and soft tissue changes. The lateral cephalometric radiographs of the patients immediately after the treatment (T1) and two years follow up (T2) were traced and statistical analysis was performed to obtain the amount of occurred relapse between T1 and T2.Results: The mean decrease of ANB angle between T1 and T2 was 0.73 º, which was not statistically significant. Overall, the mean changes of skeletal and dental variables (FMA, GOGN-SN, U1 to SN, U1 to FH and IMPA) in T1 and T2 were not statistically significant. For the soft tissue variables, the mean increase of the nasolabial and mentolabial angle in T1 and T2 were not significant. The mean changes of Z and H angles in T1 and T2 were 0.53º and 0.63 º, which were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Dentoskeletal and soft tissue facial changes that occurred during treatment with Farmand functional appliance remained stable at least 2 years after treatment.
Hossein Aghili; M.H Toode Zaeim; Mahdjoube Goldani moghadam; M.K. Jafari; A. Hedayati Fard; K. Guya
Abstract
Background and aim: The aim of this study was determining the prevalence of malocclusion amongst the male adolescents of Yazd province and comparing the results with that of other provinces of Iran. Materials and methods: The sample of this epidemiologic study consisted of 1980 male students with ...
Read More
Background and aim: The aim of this study was determining the prevalence of malocclusion amongst the male adolescents of Yazd province and comparing the results with that of other provinces of Iran. Materials and methods: The sample of this epidemiologic study consisted of 1980 male students with age range of 14-17. The prevalence of class I, II, and III malocclusion according to the Angle’s classification was determined. Prevalence of Overbite, overjet, crowding and posterior crossbite was evaluated as well.Results: The prevalence of class I, II, and III malocclusion was 50.7, 19.5, and 16.6 percent respectively and normal occlusion was observed in 13.2% of cases. 47 percent of cases had normal overbite. Increased, reduced and edge to edge overbite was seen in 24, 11.9, and 13.1 percent respectively, and 4% had anterior open bite. Overjet was positive in 74.4% and negative in 12.4% of individuals. Prevalence of crowding and posterior crossbite was 40.5% and 10.5% respectively.
Conclusion: Class I malocclusion was the most common occlusal relationship in all of investigations done in different geographic districts of Iran. Clinical significance: Determining malocclusion prevalence in each population is prerequisite of making macro policy in health care systems, this study provides information about prevalence of malocclusion in Yazd province and comparing it with that of other geographical districts of Iran.
Vahid Molabashi; Zohreh Hedayati; Amirfarhang Miresmaeili; Farhad Kashi; Maryam Dinparvar
Abstract
Background and aim: Accurate identification of dental and skeletal characteristics of different kinds of malocclusions is necessary for educational purposes, proper treatment planning and to reach successful results. The aim of this study was to assess skeletal and dental differences of class II division ...
Read More
Background and aim: Accurate identification of dental and skeletal characteristics of different kinds of malocclusions is necessary for educational purposes, proper treatment planning and to reach successful results. The aim of this study was to assess skeletal and dental differences of class II division I patients in Shiraz and Hamadan Dental Schools.
Method: In this retrospective study lateral cephalograms of 98 patients from Hamadan (53 girls and 45 boys) and 96 Patients from Shiraz (48 girls and 48 boys) with class II division I malocclusion and age range of 9-14 years old were evaluated. Cephalograms with ANB angle higher than 5 degree were traced with Dolphin program. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Student t- test was used for between group comparisons. Chi- Square tests used for dichotomous variables.Results: Comparison of mean values of variables between the two groups showed significant differences between SNB, MP-SN, U1-NA0,Y-Axis, Inter incisal angle and PFH/AFH. High percent of patients in both groups had mandibular retrusion, vertical facial growth pattern, protrusion of upper and lower anterior teeth. These characteristics were not statistically significant between boys and girls.Conclusion: This study revealed that there was more mandibular retrusion, vertical facial growth and maxillary protruded incisors in class II division I patients of Hamadan in comparison to Shiraz.
Susan Sadeghian; Nasim Esnaashari; N. Ghoreishi
Abstract
Background and aim: The objective of this study is determining the correlation among the dental crowding and mesiodistal tooth width and dental arch dimensions.Materials and methods: In this case-control study dental casts of two groups of 40 subjects was investigated. Each group included 20 male and ...
Read More
Background and aim: The objective of this study is determining the correlation among the dental crowding and mesiodistal tooth width and dental arch dimensions.Materials and methods: In this case-control study dental casts of two groups of 40 subjects was investigated. Each group included 20 male and 20 female subjects with the age range of 17 to 25 years old.
The first group had class I malocclusion with nominal or no crowding. (space deficiency ≤ 4).
The second group had class I malocclusion with significant crowding. (space deficiency ≥ 4).
The following parameters were measured and compared in both groups:The sum of mesiodistal tooth width, arch length in canine and molar spaces and arch perimeter. In order to compare the two group independent t-test with 95% confidence was applied.Results: In lower arch a significant difference was detected in both tooth size (P=0/02) and arch dimensions. The group with the significant crowding has smaller arch dimension and larger tooth size in comparison to the group with no crowding. In the upper arch a significant difference in intercanine width (P=0/01), arch perimeter (P=0/023), arch length (P=0/012), and intermolar width (P=0/03) was detected.Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that in upper arch the arch dimensions plays a significant role in crowding, and in the lower one both tooth size and arch dimensions have important role in crowding.
Yahya Baradaran Nakhjavan; Farid Baradaran Nakhjavan; Mina Sedarat
Abstract
Aim: Disorders of dentition and gums are highly common in contemporary societies and its prevalence is increasing gradually. All psychological and social problems due to dentofacial esthetics and oral function and periodontal disease deterioration and dental caries has made orthodontic treatments important ...
Read More
Aim: Disorders of dentition and gums are highly common in contemporary societies and its prevalence is increasing gradually. All psychological and social problems due to dentofacial esthetics and oral function and periodontal disease deterioration and dental caries has made orthodontic treatments important and considering that the relationship of molars is the key to occlusion, this study examines the occlusion relationship (1st molar- canine). Materials and methods: 1800 students aged 9-10 from 20 regions of Tehran were randomly selected and studied using cross-sectional method. After excluding mentally retarded and aberrant ethnicities and those with previous orthodontic treatment from sample size, the remnants were examined as 5 groups (class I, class II, class III, different right and left, unidentifiable) based on Angel classification. Results: 48.4% of subjects were identified to have class I occlusion, 25.6% class II, 6.7% class III, 15.9% had different right and left, and 3.3% had unidentifiable occlusion. Conclusion: the prevalence of normal occlusion in this study was much lower compared with similar studies in other parts of the world and in Iranian literature as well. Malocclusion showed an ascending fashion; disagreement of class I and II malocclusions with similar Iranian and foreign studies seem to explain genetic background, type of diet, differences in instrument and measurements, and sample size and ethnicity and other factors.
Ladan Eslamian; Nasim Shams; Bahar Shams
Abstract
Aim: Awareness of orthodontic treatment need is very important in hygienic planning and dentistry insurance. This study determined the rate of orthodontic treatment need based on IOTN index in 12-16 year old patients undergoing orthodontic treatment in 4 Tehran dental schools and 2 orthodontic private ...
Read More
Aim: Awareness of orthodontic treatment need is very important in hygienic planning and dentistry insurance. This study determined the rate of orthodontic treatment need based on IOTN index in 12-16 year old patients undergoing orthodontic treatment in 4 Tehran dental schools and 2 orthodontic private offices in 2004-2006.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive research, study casts and charts for 209 patients aging 12-16 in 4 dental schools of Tehran and 2 orthodontic private offices were surveyed based on IOTN index in different ages and in terms of gender. Classifications (CI,II,III), overjet, openbite, deepbite, crossbite, contact displacement, supernumerary, ankylosed, impacted and missing teeth, cleft lip, cleft palate and lip, cleft palate, and facial asymmetry were evaluated, and compared with IOTN results achieved from 22, educational districts of Tehran. Chi-square, Fisher's Exact and ratio equality tests were used to analyze the data.Results: Among 209 patients under treatment, 22.5% needed very severe treatment (grade5), 33% severe(grade4), 4.36% average (grade3) and 8.2% needed less or no treatment (grades1&2). The number of girls being treated was more than boys (66.5%); most of the patients under treatment were 12 years old (67 persons= 32.1%); the most common causes of orthodontic treatment were contact displacement 57.4%, overjet 22.5 and deepbite 17.7%.Conclusion: Regarding treatment need among patients under treatment, we concluded that most of the treated patients needed treatment based on IOTN and the number of patients needing simple treatment was very small, so treatment decisions were made according to IOTN.
Mohamad Hosein Toodeh Zaeim; Soghra Yassaei; Hosein Aghili; Somaie Tefakh
Abstract
Aim: Nasopharyngeal space is estimated from a point on the posterior part of the soft palate till the nearest point on the wall of the pharynx and the aim of the present study was to study the nasopharyngeal indices in nasal breathers with class I and III malocclusions.Materials and Methods: This was ...
Read More
Aim: Nasopharyngeal space is estimated from a point on the posterior part of the soft palate till the nearest point on the wall of the pharynx and the aim of the present study was to study the nasopharyngeal indices in nasal breathers with class I and III malocclusions.Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive analytical study done by the case - control method on 35 lateral cephalometries of patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion as the study group and 30 lateral cephalometries of patients with skeletal Class I malocclusion as the control group. The population under study included patients referring to the orthodontic clinic and their age range was between 10 and 20 years. The lateral cephalometric radiographies were traced and data was analyzed using coefficient relation and t test.Results: The bony height of the nasopharyngeal space had a statistically significant positive relationship with the anterior facial height. The bony area of nasopharyngeal space had a significant positive relationship with the anterior and lower facial height. There was no significant difference between the bony dimensions of the nasopharyngeal space and nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal airway of the two groups.Conclusion: There was no significant difference between nasopharyngeal area parameters in skeletal Class I and Ill malocclusion. In nasal breather with skeletal Class III malocclusion, dimensions of nasopharyngeal area have no significant effect on facial growth pattern.
Shahla Momeni Danaei; Maryam Omidkhod; Morteza Oshagh; Yaser Kerdegari; Amirhosein Najafi
Abstract
Aim: The main goal of this study was to assess the need and demand for orthodontic treatment among 14-18-year-old students in Shiraz.Subjects and methods: 1818 students (965 boys, 853 girls) were selected by using random cluster sampling process from the four education district of Shiraz. The dental ...
Read More
Aim: The main goal of this study was to assess the need and demand for orthodontic treatment among 14-18-year-old students in Shiraz.Subjects and methods: 1818 students (965 boys, 853 girls) were selected by using random cluster sampling process from the four education district of Shiraz. The dental health (DHC) and aesthetic (AC) components of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need were used as an assessment measure of the need for orthodontic treatment, Also, a questionnaire about demographic characteristics was completed. The examinations were carried out by two calibrated orthodontic post-graduate students. The data were analyzed using the student t-test and chi-squared test.Results: The results showed 59.9% of students had "no need" for orthodontic treatment, 28.3% were in borderline category and 11.6% showed a definite need for an orthodontic treatment. Also, there was significant association between IOTN and father's education (P<0.003)Conclusions: Less than one - fifth of 14-18- year- old students in Shiraz were considered in great need of orthodontic treatment using DHC of IOTN and girls had significantly higher need for orthodontic treatment than boys. This study provides baseline data on the need and demand for orthodontic treatment which is important for planning public orthodontic and dental services.
Massoud Seifi; Majid Bargrizan; Nafiseh Memar-Kermani; Elaheh VAhid-Dastjerdi
Abstract
Aims: Assessment of skeletal and dentoalveolar changes in class II division 1 patients after treatment with Seifi's functional appliance in dental school of Shahid Beheshti. University in 2007-2008. Methods: In this before- after clinical trial study, Seifi's functional appliance was used for ...
Read More
Aims: Assessment of skeletal and dentoalveolar changes in class II division 1 patients after treatment with Seifi's functional appliance in dental school of Shahid Beheshti. University in 2007-2008. Methods: In this before- after clinical trial study, Seifi's functional appliance was used for 15 patients (mean age: 9.84±1.24 year) with class II division I deep bite maloccIusion. All of them had mandibular deficiency and ANB>4 degrees, OJ and OB>4mm. Lateral cephalometric and panoramic radiographs, primary impression via alginate, intraoral and facial photographs were taken at the beginning of the study and after 10.2±2.01 months. The results were compared to each other. The device was two pieces and consisted of an acrylic cap on mandibular incisors and a mid palatal screw and a vertical plate on the upper jaw.Results: In sagittal dimension ANB, 1-SN and OJ decreased and SNB increased (P<0.05). Changes of SNA and IMPA were not significant(P>0.05). In vertical dimension OB decreased and L6-MP increased(P<0.05).Conclusion: Due to simultaneous three dimensional correction in transverse, sagittal and vertical dimensions, the patient benefits of the short period of treatment in the golden growth period. Also correction in skeletal and dentoalveolar relations and improvement in profile happens.
Amirfarhang Miresmaeili; Aliasghar Soleimani
Abstract
Aim: Malocclusion may be caused by tooth size discrepancy and it is impossible to achieve perfect treatment results without regarding this etiologic factor. The aim of present study was to determining and comparing the mesiodistal width of permanent teeth in normal occlusion group and patients with class ...
Read More
Aim: Malocclusion may be caused by tooth size discrepancy and it is impossible to achieve perfect treatment results without regarding this etiologic factor. The aim of present study was to determining and comparing the mesiodistal width of permanent teeth in normal occlusion group and patients with class 1 crowding malocclusion in Hamedan.
Material and Method: Based on Andrews normal occlusion criteria among 3335 students of Hamedan pre-university schools 32 persons were selected as normal group. In matched sex and range of age , 32 patients with class 1 crowding malocclusion were selected from a private office . Orthodontic dental casts of all samples were prepared. Mesiodistal width of all teeth (except 2nd molars), overbite, over-jet and Bolton indices were measured 3 times. Student t test and Mann whiteny u test were used for analysis.
Results: In crowding group the mesiodistal width of all teeth except for the first molars, were significantly greater than normal group specially in upper lateral incisors and lower premolars. Maxillary tooth material was 5.3 millimeter (p=0.0005) and mandibular tooth material was 5.4 millimeter (p=0.0036) greater in crowding patients. In crowding patients, overjet was significantly less and overbite was significantly more than normal group (p=0.0001) There was not significant difference in Bolton index between 2 groups.
Conclusion: It seems there is more crowding tendency in cases with large teeth. According to results. Bolton discrepancy (tooth size discrepancy) cannot be considered as a frequent factor in developing class 1 crowding. 2006; 1: 66 - 69)
Mohammad Basafa; M. Shahabee
Abstract
Introduction: The main object of this study was to find out the correlation between types of malocclusion and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders among students.Materials and methods: This study was descriptive and cross-sectional in which 425 persons were examined. From this number, 308 persons ...
Read More
Introduction: The main object of this study was to find out the correlation between types of malocclusion and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders among students.Materials and methods: This study was descriptive and cross-sectional in which 425 persons were examined. From this number, 308 persons were male, and 117 were female. All samples were students of Mashhad University of Medical and Dental Sciences. The range in age was 19 to 32 years with a mean of 26.1 years. Samples were selected randomly. SPSS soft ware was used and statistic evaluation was done.Results: The correlation between malocclusion and TMJ discomfort at a level of ?=0.05 was not signifi-cant. The highest level of correlation existed between TMDs and CI II malocclusion. The rate of TMJ dis-comfort in various types of malocclusion was respectively as follow: CI II>CI I>CI III. The correlation between TMJ discomfort and head, neck and back pain was meaningful (P=0.0298). The rate of women with TMJ discomfort to men was 1.6: 1. Most patients with TMJ discomfort complained of joint noises and a small number of them remarked symptoms such as pain, jaw opening limitation, and other symptoms of the disorder. Joint noises were mainly in the form of clicking. TMJ discomfort accompanied by gastric dis-order (generally speaking) was meaningful (P=0.0214).Conclusion: From this study it was concluded that there was no significant correlation between maloc-clusion and TMJ discomfort at a level of α=0.05 among students. The highest level of correlation, which still was not statistically significant, existed between TMDs and CI II malocclusion. The correlation between TMJ discomfort and head, neck and back pain was significant. It is suggested that specific studies be done to clear out the exact relation between gastric disorder and TMJ discomfort.
