Orthodontics
Amirhossein Mirhashemi; Nasim Chiniforush; Rashin Bahrami
Abstract
Aim: Hygiene is a challenge of orthodontic treatment due to its appliances and can lead to periodontal diseases. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a preventive technique for periodontal diseases owing to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study reviews the effect ...
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Aim: Hygiene is a challenge of orthodontic treatment due to its appliances and can lead to periodontal diseases. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a preventive technique for periodontal diseases owing to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study reviews the effect of aPDT on the management of gingivitis induced by orthodontic treatment.Methods: The research was conducted using databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane via inputting keywords such as photodynamic therapy, photo-activated chemotherapy, photoactivated disinfection, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, laser-activated disinfection, light-activated disinfection, laser therapy, gingivitis, gingival inflammation, and orthodontic patient. The time frame for searching articles was from January 2010 to July 2022.Results: In terms of anti-inflammatory properties, aPDT technique is associated with reductions in clinical parameters (probing depth, bleeding on probing, plaque score, and plaque index) as well as paraclinical parameters (levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF- α, IL-1β, and human beta defensin-2). Also, this technique has caused a decline in the number of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Prevotella intermedia, although the effect was short-term (one month).Conclusion: The results of the study demonstrated that aPDT is an effective and safe method in reducing gingivitis induced by orthodontic treatment via its reduction effect on dental plaque, gingival inflammation, inflammatory reactions, and infective pathogens load.
Amirhossein Mirhashemi; Nasim Chiniforush; Rashin Bahrami
Abstract
Aim: Tooth bleaching is known as a non-invasive, cosmetic treatment option. It has been noted that bleaching has a detrimental impact on bond quality of enamel. With increasing adult patients who need multidisciplinary treatments, concurrency of bleaching with other treatments such as composite filling ...
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Aim: Tooth bleaching is known as a non-invasive, cosmetic treatment option. It has been noted that bleaching has a detrimental impact on bond quality of enamel. With increasing adult patients who need multidisciplinary treatments, concurrency of bleaching with other treatments such as composite filling or orthodontic treatment in which bond quality to enamel plays an important role, a dilemma has arisen. This review aimed to evaluate the impact of the laser-assisted bleaching technique on bond quality of enamel to brackets drawn from the available literature.Methods: All original articles that evaluated the effect of laser-assisted bleaching on bond strength of enamel in MEDLINE (NCBI PubMed and PMC), EMBASE, Scopus, Corchane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were assessed until July 2022.Results: Six in-vitro studies were entered into this review. All of them evaluated bond strength of orthodontic brackets to bleached enamel expect one, in which composite resin bond to bleached enamel was examined. Several laser types including Nd:YAG, Er:YAG, CO2, diode, and LED were used in these studies. A few studies indicated that bond strength of bleached enamel is higher after laser-assisted bleaching compared to the conventional bleaching technique, whereas others did not.Conclusion: In cases of immediate bonding to bleached enamel, the laser-assisted bleaching approach is recommended. There is still a need for more studies in this field because of the high diversity of laser types, bleaching agents, and type of adhesives that have been introduced to the market recently.