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Association between Malocclusion, Self-perception, Self-esteem and Socio-demographic Factors among Primary Schoolchildren in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Department of Dental Services, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Department of Orthodontics Paedodontics and Community Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the association between malocclusion, self-perception, self-esteem, and socio-demographic factors among primary schoolchildren in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study that involved children aged 10-12 years from primary schools in Dar es Salaam. A questionnaire was used to obtain information about the participants’ socio-demographics, self-perception and self-esteem. Clinical examination was done to determine their occlusal statuses. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22.0), and Chi-square test and logistic regression model were used to assess statistically significant differences between variables. P<0.05 was considered as significant.
Results: A total of 620 schoolchildren participated in this study. The overall prevalence of malocclusion was 66.5%. Undesirable self-perception was reported in 34.0% and self-esteem issues in 30.0% of the schoolchildren. Significantly, many participants with less educated fathers had malocclusion compared with their counterparts (p=0.002). Furthermore, most children with malocclusion perceived themselves negatively and reported lower self-esteem compared with those who had no malocclusion (78.7% vs. 21.3%, p=0.000 and 75.8% vs. 24.2%, p=0.001, respectively). In the logistic regression model, the presence of malocclusion remained as a significant determinant of schoolchildren perceiving themselves negatively and reporting lower self-esteem (OR: 2.4, CI: 1.62-3.54, p= 0.000 and OR: 1.82, CI: 1.23-2.7, p= 0.003, respectively).
Conclusion: Conclusion: The presence of malocclusion was associated with children's negative self-perception and lower self-esteem. Malocclusion prevention and early interventions in children are highly recommended.

Keywords

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Iranian Journal of Orthodontics
Volume 18, Issue 1
June 2023
Pages 1-10
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