Orthodontics
Sanghamitra Jena; Debipada Kabi; Girish Chaudhary; Anshul Chaudhry
Abstract
Aim: The study aimed at determining the variability of landmark identifications and its reproducibility by manual and digital methods of cephalometric tracing.Methods: Pre-treatment cephalograms of sixty subjects recommended for orthodontic treatment were taken in the natural head position with the teeth ...
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Aim: The study aimed at determining the variability of landmark identifications and its reproducibility by manual and digital methods of cephalometric tracing.Methods: Pre-treatment cephalograms of sixty subjects recommended for orthodontic treatment were taken in the natural head position with the teeth in maximum intercuspation and were traced by a single operator. Statistical analysis was performed, and the mean, standard deviations, and coefficients of variation were calculated for each parameter and imaging modality. For all the variables, the Shapiro-Wilk’s test for normality was conducted to identify the distribution of each variable. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used where distribution was non-normal for at least one of the comparing variables and the repeated sample t-test was used where normal distribution was detected for both the variables.Results: For digital tracing, the coefficients of variation were less than 1, suggesting high reliability. For most manually traced images, the landmarks with high coefficients of variation were Porion, Basion, Sella, Point B, and Gonion. Coefficients of variation were invariably higher for the manual method than the digital method, implying readings were more consistent in the digital method for the above landmarks under observation. Out of the 29 parameters, the mean difference of sixteen of them was calculated to be statistically significant with each other, which shows that the digital method of cephalometric tracing can be relied upon for the reliability.Conclusion: The digital method of landmark identification gives a more consistent reading.
Orthodontics
Vahid Mollabashi; Maryam Heydarpour; Abbas Farmani; Kimia Saadat; Maryam Farhadian
Abstract
Aim: Formation of white spot lesions (WSL) subsequent to orthodontic treatment is a cosmetic concern. This research assessed the effects of bioactive-glass toothpaste on remineralization of orthodontic white spot lesions.Methods: Orthodontic brackets were boned to seventy extracted premolars. Then they ...
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Aim: Formation of white spot lesions (WSL) subsequent to orthodontic treatment is a cosmetic concern. This research assessed the effects of bioactive-glass toothpaste on remineralization of orthodontic white spot lesions.Methods: Orthodontic brackets were boned to seventy extracted premolars. Then they were submersed in a demineralization solution (pH=4.52) at 37°C for 96 hours, which led to the formation of artificial caries lesions on enamel. Occlusal brackets were assigned to the treatment group, whereas gingival brackets were assigned to the control group.Specimens were allocated to one of two groups: group 1) toothpaste containing sodium fluoride (1,450 ppm), group 2) toothpaste containing bioactive glass (5%). The samples underwent a 14-day remineralization/demineralzation cycle consisting of a twice-daily 30-minute submersion in a demineralizing solution (pH=4.52, 37°C) followed by a five-minute toothpaste treatment for the occlusal of the brackets. Each sample was analyzed using a polarized microscope, and AutoCAD 2007 was used to quantify the mineralization depth and area. Using SPSS version 23, the independent and paired t-tests were used to assess data statistically.Results: In terms of both remineralization area and depth, the study's findings revealed a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups (p < 0.001). Area and depth differences between the two remineralization methods in the treatment group were also statistically significant (p < 0.001).Conclusion: Both sodium fluoride and bioactive-glass toothpaste are useful for remineralizing the WSL, while bioactiveglass toothpaste seems to work more effectively than sodium fluoride toothpaste.
Orthodontics
Amirhossein Mirhashemi; Nasim Chiniforush; Rashin Bahrami
Abstract
Aim: Hygiene is a challenge of orthodontic treatment due to its appliances and can lead to periodontal diseases. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a preventive technique for periodontal diseases owing to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study reviews the effect ...
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Aim: Hygiene is a challenge of orthodontic treatment due to its appliances and can lead to periodontal diseases. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a preventive technique for periodontal diseases owing to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study reviews the effect of aPDT on the management of gingivitis induced by orthodontic treatment.Methods: The research was conducted using databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane via inputting keywords such as photodynamic therapy, photo-activated chemotherapy, photoactivated disinfection, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, laser-activated disinfection, light-activated disinfection, laser therapy, gingivitis, gingival inflammation, and orthodontic patient. The time frame for searching articles was from January 2010 to July 2022.Results: In terms of anti-inflammatory properties, aPDT technique is associated with reductions in clinical parameters (probing depth, bleeding on probing, plaque score, and plaque index) as well as paraclinical parameters (levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF- α, IL-1β, and human beta defensin-2). Also, this technique has caused a decline in the number of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Prevotella intermedia, although the effect was short-term (one month).Conclusion: The results of the study demonstrated that aPDT is an effective and safe method in reducing gingivitis induced by orthodontic treatment via its reduction effect on dental plaque, gingival inflammation, inflammatory reactions, and infective pathogens load.
Orthodontics
Arash Farzan; Mahsa Delshad; Nima Motamed
Abstract
Aim: Cephalometric analysis is a main part of diagnostics in orthodontics. Modern cephalometric analysis methods include using digital software or mobile applications. This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the CephNinjaPro application for linear and angular cephalometric measurements.
Methods: ...
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Aim: Cephalometric analysis is a main part of diagnostics in orthodontics. Modern cephalometric analysis methods include using digital software or mobile applications. This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the CephNinjaPro application for linear and angular cephalometric measurements.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 30 randomly selected lateral cephalograms were digitized by a digital scanner. The required landmarks for five linear and eight angular measurements were identified on all cephalograms using a fine tip pen by an experienced orthodontist, and then rescanned. To assess the validity of manual versus digital landmark identification using the CephNinjaPro application, the landmarks were identified on scanned cephalograms in both the CephNinjaPro application and Dolphin software. The results were compared before and after landmark identification. The results of the Dolphin software and the CephNinjaPro application were also compared before and after landmark identification. Data were analyzed using the paired t-test and Wilcoxon test.
Results: The results showed significant differences in the angles SNA (P<0.001), SNB (P<0.001), inter-incisal (P=0.001), and MP-SN (P<0.001), and the Ga (P<0.001) between the Dolphin software and CephNinjaPro application before landmark identification. Also, significant differences were observed in the Ga (P<0.001) and SN-MP (P<0.001) angle between the Dolphin software and CephNinjaPro application after landmark identification.
Conclusion: The CephNinjaPro application has acceptable validity and reliability for most of the linear and angular cephalometric measurements from the clinical perspective. Nonetheless, interpretation of results regarding some measurements should be done with caution.
Orthodontics
Kalashri K K; Goutham B Reddy; Sunil Muddaiah; Sanju Somaiah; Balakrishnak K Shetty; Namitha Nanu
Abstract
Aim: Orthodontists and patients prefer minimal time for orthodontic treatment. The submucosal injection ofplatelet-rich plasma (PRP) helps to provide tooth movement without surgery or alveolar bone loss. Thepurpose of this research was to assess the rate of space closure using PRP injection with the ...
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Aim: Orthodontists and patients prefer minimal time for orthodontic treatment. The submucosal injection ofplatelet-rich plasma (PRP) helps to provide tooth movement without surgery or alveolar bone loss. Thepurpose of this research was to assess the rate of space closure using PRP injection with the conventionalmethod.Methods: In this preliminary study, 10 patients aged 14-20 years, requiring first premolar extractions in botharches using MBT technique were included. This was a split-mouth study wherein, on one side (experimental),space closure was done using a submucosal injection of 0.7 ml PRP, and the other side (control) was subjectedto conventional space closure using an active tie back with a constant force of 200 gm. Statistical analysis wasperformed using a paired t-test. P-value <0.05 was set for statistical significance.Results: The findings of the research showed no significant difference in the rate of space closure between thecase and control groups in the maxilla (P=0.073); however, there was a significant difference between theexperimental and control groupsin the mandible (P=0.04).Conclusion: Analyzing space closure rate between the control and experimental side showed that PRPinjection did affect the acceleration of space closure in the mandible.
Orthodontics
Pasupureddi Keerthana; Meghna Mukhopadhyay; Shubhnita Verma; Prasad Chitra
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze and synthesize data from animal research on the impact of hormones and their synthetic derivatives on orthodontic tooth movement by altering calcium metabolism.Methods: Eight databases were scanned electronically, followed by a manual search, until 27 February ...
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Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze and synthesize data from animal research on the impact of hormones and their synthetic derivatives on orthodontic tooth movement by altering calcium metabolism.Methods: Eight databases were scanned electronically, followed by a manual search, until 27 February 2022. Animal experiments were chosen with control groups exploring the impact on orthodontic tooth movement with calcitonin, calcium, parathyroid hormone, teriparatide, and vitamin D. The reporting quality of primary studies was assessed using the CAMARADES tool. Data was collected from related studies and SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool was utilized to determine risk of bias.Results: Of the 2388 documents obtained in the search, 11 studies were included. The amount of orthodontic tooth movement reduced with the administration of calcitonin and calcium. However, with parathyroid hormone, teriparatide, and vitamin D, acceleration of tooth movement was noted. The results were statistically significant omitting three studies that assessed orthodontic tooth movement with calcium, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone. Root resorption increased with calcium, vitamin D, PGE2, and a dose-dependent decrease was seen in higher doses of calcitonin. Bone mineral density improved with increased parathyroid hormone levels.Conclusion: Vitamin D, their synthetic derivatives, and parathyroid hormone were found to increase orthodontic tooth movement. Calcitonin showed a dose dependent reduction in orthodontic tooth movement.
Orthodontics
Somasundara Ramadevi; Anjith Shirley Gladstone; Sarala Manjappa Laxmikanth; Chunduri Raghunandan; Jairaj Vani; Shrikanth Shendre; Khan Mahamad Irfanulla; Maqbool Sameena Begum; Riyaz Khadeer
Abstract
Aim: The use of pre-procedural mouth rinse for prevention of COVID-19 can reduce viral load but can alter the bond strength. The purpose of this study was to determine any correlation between the use of these pre-procedural mouth rinse and the shear-bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets.Methods: ...
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Aim: The use of pre-procedural mouth rinse for prevention of COVID-19 can reduce viral load but can alter the bond strength. The purpose of this study was to determine any correlation between the use of these pre-procedural mouth rinse and the shear-bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets.Methods: Thirty-three maxillary premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes were used. The buccal surfaces of all teeth were bonded with orthodontic brackets. Later, each tooth was embedded into acrylic resin and stored in distilled water. Teeth were randomly divided into three groups (group I: hydrogen peroxide mouth rinse, group II: povidone-iodine mouth rinse, and group III: artificial saliva), and stored in each solution for 12 hours. Later, each tooth was subjected to SBS testing using a universal testing machine. Data were statistically evaluated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc test (Tukey’s HSD) with a significance of p< 0.05.Results: The highest mean SBS was observed in the artificial saliva (control group), followed by the povidone-iodine and hydrogen peroxide groups.Conclusion: Hydrogen peroxide mouth rinses should not be used during fixed orthodontic treatment because it alters bond strength.
Orthodontics
Mahdjoube Goldani Moghadam; Hanieh Kazemi; Mohadese Bani Asadi
Abstract
Aim: This study aims to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of different combinations of retainer wires and enamel preparation methods.Methods: A total of 180 extracted mandibular bovine incisors were randomly divided into nine groups of 20 paired teeth each. Three techniques were employed to prepare ...
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Aim: This study aims to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of different combinations of retainer wires and enamel preparation methods.Methods: A total of 180 extracted mandibular bovine incisors were randomly divided into nine groups of 20 paired teeth each. Three techniques were employed to prepare the enamel: acid etches only, Er:YAG laser before acid etch, and sandblast before acid etch. The retainer wires, including Bond-A-Braid, GAC Wildcat Twistflex Wire, and TruForce coaxial wire, were bonded with the adhesive Transbond LR and SBS values were measured. The two-way ANOVA test was used to evaluate the effect of the conditioning method in combination with the retainer wire type and the interaction of two variables. Pairwise comparisons were done using the Tukey post hoc test. A value of P≤0.05 was considered to be significant for all statistical tests.Results: The highest shear bond strength value was found for sandblasted surface bonded with Bond-A-Braid wire. The combination of acid-etched enamel/GAC Wildcat Twistflex wire revealed the lowest value of the SBS. Statistically significant differences did not exist for the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) scores among the study groups.Conclusion: Sandblasting and laser irradiation before the acid etching significantly increased the SBS. Differences in the SBS values of different wires were insignificant.
Orthodontics
Hiral Thakkar; Brijesh Prajapati; Anar G Andani; Arth Patel; Bhavya Trivedi; Sonali Mahadevia
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this in-vivo study is to determine and compare the accuracy of dental measurements calculated on physical and digital models with the measurements taken directly from the patients’ mouth.Methods: This study was performed on 40 subjects. Forty maxillary impressions were produced ...
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Aim: The purpose of this in-vivo study is to determine and compare the accuracy of dental measurements calculated on physical and digital models with the measurements taken directly from the patients’ mouth.Methods: This study was performed on 40 subjects. Forty maxillary impressions were produced using a condensation silicone putty material and constructed into a physical model. A digital vernier caliper was utilized to take direct measurements from the patients’ mouth as well as from the physical models. CS 3600® was employed for direct intra-oral scanning for the subjects’ dentition and generating the digital model. Three-dimensional reverse engineering software was used to make measurements on the digital model. One-way ANOVA test was used to determine the accuracy between the control group, physical models, and virtual group. Tukey’s post-hoc analysis was done to compare between the individual group.Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the physical (p-value=0.254) and virtual models (p-value = 0.168) as compared to those measurements taken directly from the mouth.Conclusion: The results of the current study demonstrate that intraoral scans are clinically sound to be used in diagnosis and treatment planning in dentistry and provide a professional and well-grounded substitute to the use of conventional plaster models.
Orthodontics
Mahesh Jain; Dolly Patel
Abstract
Aim: With the increased use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, validation of using radiographic images obtained from CBCT instead of multiple conventional radiographs is needed. Hence, the present study was designed to assess the differences ...
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Aim: With the increased use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, validation of using radiographic images obtained from CBCT instead of multiple conventional radiographs is needed. Hence, the present study was designed to assess the differences between cephalometric measurements taken from manual tracings (MT), digitized lateral cephalograms (DLC) and CBCT lateral cephalograms scansMethods: Conventional lateral cephalograms and CBCT scans from ten subjects from departmental archives were used to assess the three methods: manual tracings, digitized lateral cephalograms, and CBCT lateral cephalograms. Seventeen measurements were evaluated and retraced after a 7-day period. The intra examiner errors was assessed using the paired t test and Dahlberg formula. The Pearson correlation test and ANOVA test evaluated the differences between the methods.Results: Most of the measurements had intra-examiner reliability in all three methods. Measurements were significant among methods were Y-axis, U1-Apog (degree and mm), U1-NA, L1-NB (degree and mm), L1-Apog, and interincisal angle.Conclusion: All three methods proved to be reliable and reproducible with minimum error in the measurement of lateral cephalograms. The CBCT scan, advised for complex cases, can be used to generate lateral cephalogram images, which may reduce the need for multiple radiographs, thereby reducing radiation exposure and cost.
Orthodontics
Pranshu Mathur; Shally Mahajan; Aftab Azam; Ashish Chauhan; Ragni Tandon
Abstract
Aim: The objective of this study was to compare tooth movement using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and the conventional method in patients with moderate crowding during the leveling and aligning phase.
Methods: Fifty patients with moderate crowding in the maxillary arch were chosen. Split-mouth design ...
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Aim: The objective of this study was to compare tooth movement using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and the conventional method in patients with moderate crowding during the leveling and aligning phase.
Methods: Fifty patients with moderate crowding in the maxillary arch were chosen. Split-mouth design was planned with one quadrant allotted as the experimental group (PRP side) and the other as the control group. Five injection sites were pre-defined: distal surface of the root of the central incisor, mesial and distal root surfaces of the lateral incisor and canine. After the extraction of the permanent maxillary first premolars, PRP was injected at various sites on the experimental side while the other side served as the control group. In each group, four times were studied: 0(T0), 21(T1), 42(T2), and 63(T3) days after injection. Tooth movement was measured using a digital vernier caliper and statistical analysis was done using paired t-test.
Results: Significant amount of tooth movement was seen at 21 days (p<0.001). No significant difference in tooth movement was found at 42 days (p=0.265) and 63 days (p=0.104) after injection.
Conclusion: Platelet-Rich Plasma is responsible for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement in patients with moderate crowding when injected during the leveling and aligning phase for the first 21 days after injection although it was non-effective after 42 and 63 days.
Orthodontics
Nirali Mehulbhai Shah; Khyati Viral Patel; Ajay Kubavat; Manish Desai; Harshit Arvindbhai Patel; Nikunj Harikrushn Prajapati
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the in vitro study was to examine the enamel surface after the application of four different methods for adhesive removal following the bracket debonding procedure, as well as to compare their effects on enamel surface.Methods: Premolars (n=60) were randomly assigned to four groups. After ...
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Aim: The aim of the in vitro study was to examine the enamel surface after the application of four different methods for adhesive removal following the bracket debonding procedure, as well as to compare their effects on enamel surface.Methods: Premolars (n=60) were randomly assigned to four groups. After initial debonding and recording the shear bond strength (SBS), adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were assessed. The removal method for each of the four groups was the use of 1) a round bur, 2) rubber wheel bur, 3)12 fluted tungsten carbide bur, and 4) scaler. After that, teeth in all four groups were kept in artificial saliva for one month. After rebonding with a new bracket, again the SBS and ARI scores were measured. Two representative samples from each group were examined under a scanning electron microscope. ……. P-value <0.05 was considered as significant. ANOVA test was used to assess the SBS association within the group. Paired T test was used to assess the SBS between the group. fisher’s exact test was performed to compare ARI index before and after.Results: There was significant decrease in secondary SBS value in group 1 but significant increase in secondary SBS value in group 3, and a slight decrease in SBS value in group 4. In SEM images, there were composite remnants in all the four groups with fewer remnants in group 2. Enamel surface damage was observed in the SEM image of group 3. ARI scores showed no significant difference.Conclusion: Adhesive remnant removal efficiency of the round bur and scaler are less. Rubber wheel bur is a good choice of instrument for removal of adhesive remnants from tooth surface as it does not affect the bond strength. Tungsten carbide bur shows good results, as secondary bonding SBS value increased. Significant difference between ARI scores did not exist, indicating a higher number of mixed type failure in all groups.
Orthodontics
Mahamad Irfanulla Khan; Praveen Kumar Neela; Ajit Kumar Jaiswal; Nayeem unnisa; Abhik Purkayastha; Amita Coutinho; Nadeem Ahmed
Abstract
Background: Fixed functional appliances used in the treatment of Class II malocclusion have the advantage of requiring minimal patient compliance, and they can be used simultaneously with fixed orthodontic appliances. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the treatment effects of the ...
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Background: Fixed functional appliances used in the treatment of Class II malocclusion have the advantage of requiring minimal patient compliance, and they can be used simultaneously with fixed orthodontic appliances. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the treatment effects of the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device (FFRD) in growing patients with Class II malocclusion. Methods: A total of 50 pre-treatment (T1) and post-treatment (T2) Lateral Cephalometric Radiographs (LCRs) of 25 patients treated with Forsus fatigue resistant device (mean age = 12 ± 0.54years) for the correction of skeletal class II malocclusion were compared with the 25 untreated class II control patients (mean age 12 ± 0.38 years) who did not undergo any treatment during this period. The skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes were evaluated using cephalometric measurements, and the treatment changes were analyzed by paired t-test. Results: The LCRs findings showed that the FFRD produced more dentoalveolar changes with less skeletal changes. The dentoalveolar changes in the FFRD group include significant reduction of overjet & overbite (p<0.001), retroclination of maxillary incisors (p<0.001), proclination and intrusion of the mandibular incisors (p<0.001) and mesialization of mandibular first molars (p<0.001). A significant improvement in the skeletal, dentoalveolar and soft tissue structures of the face was achieved in the FFRD group compared with the control group.Conclusion: The FFRD is effective in the treatment of Class II malocclusion. The Class II correction was achieved by a combination of skeletal and dentoalveolar effects, and wherein dentoalveolar changes were more predominant compared to the skeletal changes.
Orthodontics
Tarulatha R Shyagali; Shanya Kapoor; Abhishek Gupta
Abstract
Background: Addressing the challenges posed by the Congenitally Missing Maxillary Lateral Incisors (CMMLI) is not limited to single treatment modality.
Objective: This systematic review is intended to evaluate the evidence for the best treatment option available for the CMMLI.
Methods: Electronic data ...
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Background: Addressing the challenges posed by the Congenitally Missing Maxillary Lateral Incisors (CMMLI) is not limited to single treatment modality.
Objective: This systematic review is intended to evaluate the evidence for the best treatment option available for the CMMLI.
Methods: Electronic data base search was done across PubMed, Google scholar, Embase, Publons, Web of Sciences, etc. Selection of articles was limited to English language publications pertaining to CMMLI treatment modalities either by closing the space orthodontically and substituting canine or by prosthetic replacement. Two authors reviewed the articles for the eligibility criteria to overcome the selection bias. The risk for assessment of bias across and within the studies was done through Cochrane ROBINS-I assessment tool.
Results: Out of 130 studies which were searched for review questions, only 3 studies met the selection criteria. There was no difference in the periodontal status evaluation or in the patient’s perception of aesthetics between the two treatment modalities. Neither of the two treatment modalities cause any TMJ abnormalities.
Conclusion: Both closing the space orthodontically by substituting canine and prosthetic replacement by the use of implant for the missing maxillary lateral incisor seem to be viable treatment plans.
Orthodontics
Mahdjoube Goldani Moghadam; Hanieh kazemi; Abouzar Shakeri
Abstract
Background: Oral health literacy (OHL) is one of the most important determinants of oral health. A missed appointment has many potential implications for oral health and treatment outcomes. Given the importance of the topic in community oral health programming, the purpose of this study was to examine ...
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Background: Oral health literacy (OHL) is one of the most important determinants of oral health. A missed appointment has many potential implications for oral health and treatment outcomes. Given the importance of the topic in community oral health programming, the purpose of this study was to examine the association between oral health literacy, missed appointments, and DMFT in adults attending the orthodontic clinic of Birjand.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 172 adults who were randomly referred to Birjand orthodontic clinic. Health literacy was assessed using the questionnaire OHL-AQ. In addition, missed appointments were reviewed over a one-year period. DMF index was also calculated using the patient's first panoramic radiograph. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 18. A significant level (p = 0.05) was considered.Results: This study was conducted on 172 patients referred to the orthodontic clinic, with a mean age of 24,64.9 years, a minimum age of 18 and a maximum age of 42 years. The oral health literacy of the participants was 12.23.2 There was no significant association between oral health literacy and gender, missed appointments, and DMFT index (P > 0.05), but education was an effective factor for the level of oral health literacy (P < 0.002).Conclusion: The study found adequate OHL, which could be due to a high level of education. However, health policy makers should devise programs to promote oral health in the community. Oral health literacy was not influenced by gender, absenteeism and DMFT, but education was a factor that influenced the level of oral health literacy.
Orthodontics
Ladan Eslamian; Zahra Madani; Nastaran Fahiminejad
Abstract
Aim: There is a controversy about the relationship between familial history, orthodontic treatment and the onset or intensification of Temporomandibular disorders (TMD). According to high prevalence of TMD and the importance of its diagnosis as well as the lack of enough information in determining the ...
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Aim: There is a controversy about the relationship between familial history, orthodontic treatment and the onset or intensification of Temporomandibular disorders (TMD). According to high prevalence of TMD and the importance of its diagnosis as well as the lack of enough information in determining the role of the familial traits in the inheritance of TMD symptoms, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between familial history and TMD by considering the orthodontic treatment. Material and Method: The present case-control study was performed on 170 patients, aged over 14 years, referring to Shahid Beheshti Dental School and a private clinic. Patients with a history of head and neck trauma, history of orthognathic surgery, and systemic diseases were excluded.Results: The prevalence of TMD was 47.1% and the most detected sign was clicking. The prevalence of TMD in patients with orthodontic treatment was 56.6%, in patients with familial history was 60% and in patients with both orthodontic treatment and familial history was 63.6%. TMD had higher prevalence in the age over 26, in women, increased over bite and in patients who had parafunctional habits. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that the prevalence of TMD in patients with familial history was higher than those with no family history. Thus, orthodontic treatment should be considered an important environmental factor and family history as a risk factor for TMD in our treatments.
Orthodontics
Foroozan Farahbod; Sepideh Dadgar; Farhad Sobouti; Ali Malekzadeh Shafaroudi; Sajad Yousefi; Ali Nowruzy
Abstract
Background: Superimposition of left and right structures is an issue in lateral cephalometric radiographs in dentistry, making it challenging to measure structures, including the gonial angle. Panoramic radiography contains fewer superimposing structures; therefore, it could measure the gonial angle. ...
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Background: Superimposition of left and right structures is an issue in lateral cephalometric radiographs in dentistry, making it challenging to measure structures, including the gonial angle. Panoramic radiography contains fewer superimposing structures; therefore, it could measure the gonial angle. This study aimed to compare the gonial angle in panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs in different skeletal patterns.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 240 panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs were collected from the archives of Sari Dental School. The gonial angle of each radiograph was traced and measured with a conveyor. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA and paired t-test, and P-value <0.05 were considered significant.Results: The paired t-test of the gonial angle did not show a statistically significant difference between different skeletal groups when measured using panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs. According to the results, the p-value of the difference between the right and left gonial angles in skeletal class III patients (p=0.019) was obtained larger than the test level (p=0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a statistically significant difference between the size of the left and right gonial angles in panoramic radiographs of skeletal class III patients. Conclusion: Panoramic radiography can be an accurate alternative to lateral cephalometric radiographs for measuring the gonial angle in different skeletal patterns due to the lower radiation it exposes to the patient.
Orthodontics
Behnaz Karimzadeh; Tannaz Abdollahzadeh; Ali Eidi; Mojgan Kachoei
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine Bolton ratios in the Iranian orthodontically treated population of different malocclusions and compare these values among malocclusion groups and with Bolton reference values.
Methods: Bolton ratios of 210 subjects were investigated in three groups of ...
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Objective: The aim of this study was to determine Bolton ratios in the Iranian orthodontically treated population of different malocclusions and compare these values among malocclusion groups and with Bolton reference values.
Methods: Bolton ratios of 210 subjects were investigated in three groups of Class I, II, and III skeletal patterns. The measurement of mesiodistal width of teeth was made on post-treatment dental models using a digital caliper. One-way analysis of variance and one-sample t-test were used to compare obtained anterior values and overall ratios among studied groups and with reference values, respectively. P-value<0.05 was considered as significant.
Results: The mean values of anterior ratio in total subjects were 76.77, and in the Class I skeletal pattern group was 76.51, which were significantly different from the reference value (p-value < 0.05). However, the differences in the mean anterior ratios of Class II and III groups and the mean overall ratios of three studied groups with reference values were not statistically significant. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the anterior and overall Bolton ratios of the three studied groups (p-value>0.05).
Conclusion: Since the obtained Bolton ratios in Class II and III groups were not significantly different from reference values, these values are also applicable for mild skeletal malocclusions. However, the difference in mean anterior ratios of the total 210 subjects and Class I group with Bolton reference values could be caused by racial differences or several factors related to orthodontic treatment, which can be investigated in subsequent studies.
Orthodontics
Mahdjoube Goldani Moghadam; hanieh kazemi; Mahdi Mohammadi
Abstract
Background: There is a continuous debate on the issue of comparison between extraction and non-extraction treatment results in terms of subsequent soft tissue changes for Class II division 1 patients. So far, however, far too little attention has been paid to photographic evaluation of treatment results.Aims: ...
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Background: There is a continuous debate on the issue of comparison between extraction and non-extraction treatment results in terms of subsequent soft tissue changes for Class II division 1 patients. So far, however, far too little attention has been paid to photographic evaluation of treatment results.Aims: The aim of this was to assess the impact of extraction and non-extraction treatment of Class II division 1malocclusion on soft tissue profile by means of pre- and post- treatment photographs.Materials and methods: The pre- and post- treatment profile photographs of 41 borderline Class II division 1malocclusion patients (ANB ≤5 degrees, and overjet ≤ 5 mm) were evaluated. The photographs were digitized into the computer and 19 angular measurements were evaluated. Paired t-tests and Independent-sample t-tests were performed to compare the pre- and post- treatment values between the extraction and non- extraction groups. The level of significance was set to be P < .05.Results: Significant differences between pre- and post- treatment values in extraction group existed for Z angle and N‑Sn‑Pog. In non- extraction group significant differences observed in N‑Pn‑Pog, G‑Sn‑Pog, N‑Sn‑Pog and N‑Sn‑B.When comparing the extraction and non-extraction groups before and after treatment the results showed that the only significant difference was in PFH/AFH proportion.Conclusions: The results of this study for both extraction and non- extraction group were straightening and improvement of soft tissue profile without significant impact on lips or nasolabial angle.
Orthodontics
Farhad Sobouti; Reza Aliza deh-Navaei; Mehran Armin; Anahita Lotfizadeh; Mehdi Aryana; Sepideh Dadgar
Volume 15, Issue 2 , September 2020, , Pages 1-4
Abstract
Introduction: Orthodontics is defined as a branch of dentistry that deals with the correction of malocclusion. In this regard, determining the most appropriate time for orthodontic treatment is of utmost importance. General dental practitioners (GDPs) are normally the first link of the treatment chain ...
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Introduction: Orthodontics is defined as a branch of dentistry that deals with the correction of malocclusion. In this regard, determining the most appropriate time for orthodontic treatment is of utmost importance. General dental practitioners (GDPs) are normally the first link of the treatment chain of patients needing orthodontic treatments. The present study aimed to determine the GDPs’ knowledge of appropriate timing of orthodontic treatments in Sari, Iran. Material and methods: This descriptive, analytical and cross-sectional study was performed on GDPs working in Sari in 2019. The statistical population included 380 GDPs, 186 of whom were selected. Data were collected using a 24-item questionnaire is applied to evaluate the GDPs’ knowledge level of the appropriate timing of orthodontic treatments. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 19.Results: In total, 142 out of 186 GDPs participated in the study with a mean age of 36.12±10.15 years. 86 subjects (59.9%) had less than 10 years of work experience. Total mean (±SD) knowledge level of the GDPs was estimated at a moderate level (14.13±3.79). Percentage of the knowledge levels of poor, moderate and good was 12, 70, and 18, respectively. There was significant relationship between knowledge level and gender (P=0.013). Meanwhile, no association was observed between the work experience of the participants and their level of knowledge (P=0.393).
Conclusions: According to the results of the present study, the total mean score of GDPs’ knowledge of appropriate timing of orthodontic treatments in Sari was moderate, and only 12% of the participants had poor knowledge level in this regard. It is notable that male subjects had a significantly higher knowledge level, and another analysis demonstrated the lack of effectiveness of work experience on the knowledge level of individuals.
