Shabnam Ajami; Hooman Zarif Najafi; Sareh Mahdavi
Abstract
Background: The evaluation of the soft tissue facial profile is essential to achieve facial harmony in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.
Objectives: This study aimed to develop soft tissue angular photogrammetric norms for a sample of Iranian population.
Patients and Methods: Standardized ...
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Background: The evaluation of the soft tissue facial profile is essential to achieve facial harmony in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.
Objectives: This study aimed to develop soft tissue angular photogrammetric norms for a sample of Iranian population.
Patients and Methods: Standardized profile photographic records were taken from 34 men and 37 women. Twelve measurements were analyzed on each photograph by AutoCad software. For statistical evaluation a Student’s t-test was used and the reliability of the method was assessed by using Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) within a four week interval. Results: Three of the angles showed sexual differences: nasofrontal (G-N-Prn, P = 0.009), nasal (Cm-Sn/N-Prn, P = 0.012) and vertical nasal (N-Prn/Tv, P = 0.029). Other nine angles showed statistically insignificant gender differences (P > 0.05). Two of the angles that suggested gender differences were wider in females: nasofrontal and nasal angle while the third angle was wider in males. Other angles such as nasolabial (Cm-Sn-Ls), mentolabial (Li-Sm-Pg), nasal dorsum (N-Mn-Prn) and angle of the total convexity (G-Prn-Pg) were also found wider in females. The inferior third was larger than the middle third. Mentolabial angle (Li-Sm-Pg), which had the highest standard deviation, showed the greatest variability.
Conclusions: The results showed gender dimorphism in three of the measurements: the nasofrontal, the nasal and the vertical nasal angles. Another significant finding was the large variability for the mentolabial angle. The result of this measurement should be assessed with caution.
Yasamin Farajzadeh Jalali; Maryam Nasiri; Farnaz Jabbari
Abstract
Background: Achieving esthetics is the most important objective of the modern orthodontics. The introduction of a standard, called the divine proportion for the evaluation of a profile, can lead orthodontic, orthopedic and surgical treatment to obtain maximum facial beauty.
Objectives: The aim of this ...
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Background: Achieving esthetics is the most important objective of the modern orthodontics. The introduction of a standard, called the divine proportion for the evaluation of a profile, can lead orthodontic, orthopedic and surgical treatment to obtain maximum facial beauty.
Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyze the divine proportion in the face of Iranian normal females and the ability of that using as a standard and index to analyze harmony in patient’s face before and after orthodontic treatment along with other common cephalometric analyses.
Patients and Methods: The selected samples included twenty 19 - 26 years old females. Full-face and profile photography and lateral cephalometric radiography were taken; initially the cephalometric radiography were used for conducting common cephalometric analyses in order to compare them with the results gained from the divine proportion measurements. Seven ratios in photography and twelve ratios in radiography calculated. Radiographic and photographic data were analyzed separately using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and one-sample t-test and compared with 1.618 (golden ratio).
Results: The average values vary from 1.4 to 1.7; the ratio R11 with the average value of 1.613 was the closest value to 1.618. Three cephalometric variables (R3, R8, R12) and two photographic ones (R6 and R7) had a significant difference with 1.618.
Conclusions: The divine proportion on the soft ratio can be a good standard to assess an orthodontic treatment. Divine proportion covers a wide domain and there is a long way ahead of these studies; so it can be extended even more in future.
Nasrin Farhadian; Amirfarhang Miresmaeili; Reza Mahvelati; Ahmad Sajedi
Abstract
background and aims: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is becoming established as a superior radiographic technique to conventional radiography in orthodontics. However cephalometric analysis in conventional lateral cephalograms (LC) is still an important tool in treatment planning. The aim of this ...
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background and aims: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is becoming established as a superior radiographic technique to conventional radiography in orthodontics. However cephalometric analysis in conventional lateral cephalograms (LC) is still an important tool in treatment planning. The aim of this study was to compare cephalometric measurements performed on conventional cephalograms with those on CBCT generated images.Method and materials: 24 patients with both LC and volumetric CBCT imaging (Newtom 3G) were selected. Generated Lateral cephalograms (GLC) were produced from related DICOM files in Dolphin 3D. cephalometric analysis, consisted of fifteen angular measurements and fifteen linear measurements (Dolphin V.11.2) were performed on both LCs and GLCs. Paired T-Test was used to compare differences in measurements between the two image modalities. Results: According to paired t-test results no statistically significant differences were found between the two set of measurements except Articular Angle, Gonial Angle (Ar-Go-Me) and Ramus Height (Ar-Go) (P<0.05). Since in all cases the interval between LC and CBCT imaging was short (3.5 months ± 2) and treatment has began after CBCT imaging, neither growth nor treatment was the cause of these differences. It could be supposed that the technical positioning errors in LCs of some patients might be the cause. Conclusions: LC could successfully be replaced by GLC. Since we can select the best orientation of the skull before generating GLC from CBCT DICOM files, GLC could be more reliable than LC.
Massoud Seifi; Mina Mahdian
Abstract
Aim: Quality management in orthodontics is a complex issue which aims at providing high quality services to patients. Development of a well established quality control policy according to regional characteristics and socio-economic features of the consumers, is of great importance. However, there is ...
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Aim: Quality management in orthodontics is a complex issue which aims at providing high quality services to patients. Development of a well established quality control policy according to regional characteristics and socio-economic features of the consumers, is of great importance. However, there is also an inevitable need for careful supervision regarding the implementation of the quality control program. This study is to evaluate and improve standards in removable orthodontic treatment.Materials and Methods: Data was retrieved from students, patients, orthodontists and technicians filled the relevant fields of questionnaires. The patients were chosen from those who had passed their second follow up session. The following health service modules were assessed in the questionnaires: "The pre-admission phase for patients", "The pmcass of admission". "The treatment, the follow up and the retention phase", and "The laboratory".Results: The results were analyzed in two categories; the patient related questions (clinic) including modules from entrance to dismissal and the technician related questions (appliance construction). The pattern of the answers in the first category was: 8.1% "Very poor", 12.7% "Poor', 32.5% "Moderate", 48.8% "Good" and 0% "Very good". The second category of questions yielded the following pattern of response: 16.1% voted "Very poor", 61.2% voted "Poor" and 12.6% voted "Moderate", 9.6% "Good" and 0% "Very good". In general, the majority of participants (38.4%) marked the answer choice "Good".Conclusions: Generally, the treatment provided for patients seemed to be of "good" standard. However, further attention has to be devoted to laboratory-related aspects of Orthodontic services.
Amirfarhang Miresmaeili; Aliasghar Soleimani
Abstract
Aim: Malocclusion may be caused by tooth size discrepancy and it is impossible to achieve perfect treatment results without regarding this etiologic factor. The aim of present study was to determining and comparing the mesiodistal width of permanent teeth in normal occlusion group and patients with class ...
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Aim: Malocclusion may be caused by tooth size discrepancy and it is impossible to achieve perfect treatment results without regarding this etiologic factor. The aim of present study was to determining and comparing the mesiodistal width of permanent teeth in normal occlusion group and patients with class 1 crowding malocclusion in Hamedan.
Material and Method: Based on Andrews normal occlusion criteria among 3335 students of Hamedan pre-university schools 32 persons were selected as normal group. In matched sex and range of age , 32 patients with class 1 crowding malocclusion were selected from a private office . Orthodontic dental casts of all samples were prepared. Mesiodistal width of all teeth (except 2nd molars), overbite, over-jet and Bolton indices were measured 3 times. Student t test and Mann whiteny u test were used for analysis.
Results: In crowding group the mesiodistal width of all teeth except for the first molars, were significantly greater than normal group specially in upper lateral incisors and lower premolars. Maxillary tooth material was 5.3 millimeter (p=0.0005) and mandibular tooth material was 5.4 millimeter (p=0.0036) greater in crowding patients. In crowding patients, overjet was significantly less and overbite was significantly more than normal group (p=0.0001) There was not significant difference in Bolton index between 2 groups.
Conclusion: It seems there is more crowding tendency in cases with large teeth. According to results. Bolton discrepancy (tooth size discrepancy) cannot be considered as a frequent factor in developing class 1 crowding. 2006; 1: 66 - 69)
Nasrin Farhadian; Amir H. Momeni
Abstract
Aim: Everyday because of developing new materials and techniques, more adults become interested in orthodontic treatments. Soft positioner and its new generation in the name of Invisalign System is an example. The present case report was designed to study the effects of soft elastic foils as serial aligners ...
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Aim: Everyday because of developing new materials and techniques, more adults become interested in orthodontic treatments. Soft positioner and its new generation in the name of Invisalign System is an example. The present case report was designed to study the effects of soft elastic foils as serial aligners on treat-ing the mild to moderate crowding.Materials and Method: Three teenage patients with crowding not more than 6 millimeters were select-ed. After the preparation of orthodontic diagnostic records and filling the periodontal chart, manual teeth setup was carried out on working casts with a maximum 0.5 millimeter displacement. Aligners were made up of bioplast foils. The appliance was worn by patient full time for at least 2 weeks. Then the new one was made and this procedure was continued until complete tooth alignment. The last aligner was used as retainer for three months later. These variables were evaluated after treatment : dental alignment , over jet . overbite, inclination of upper & lower incisors, lips relation to E line, mandibular plan angle, clicking in TMJ, periodontal status and tooth pain. Active treatment period lasted between 3-5 months.Results: Anterior crowding was completely corrected in all patients. Protrusion of upper & lower incisors were seen in lateral cephalograms. Overbite, mandibular plan angle and lips relation to E line did not change. Improvement of periodontal status were recorded in all patients. Low to moderate toothache was reported during the first 2 days .Conclusion: Mild to moderate crowding could be corrected successfully with soft elastic foils (Serial Aligners) without deleterious effects on TMJ and periodontium however manual tooth setup was time consuming. (IJO 2006; 1: 75 - 78)
Amirfarhang Miresmaeili; Nasrin Farhadian; Marjan Tadjbakhsh
Abstract
Introduction: There are several studies to evaluate lento-skeletal changes after treatment of skeletal class 2 malocclusion with Dr Farmand's functional appliance but in non of them facial harmony has been considered. The purpose of the present study is evaluation of facial harmony in addition to dentoskeletal ...
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Introduction: There are several studies to evaluate lento-skeletal changes after treatment of skeletal class 2 malocclusion with Dr Farmand's functional appliance but in non of them facial harmony has been considered. The purpose of the present study is evaluation of facial harmony in addition to dentoskeletal changes after treatment with Dr Farmand 's functional appliance.Materials and Methods: Initial and final cephalograms of eighteen treated skeletal class 2 div 1 patients have been selected. All of them had been treated with Farmand's appliance before termination of growth spurt. Each cephalogram was separately traced two times. Means of before and after treatment data were compared with paired t-test.Results: Skeletal class 2 relationship has been successfully corrected through decreasing ANB angle (1.88±1.75, p=0.00), 66 and angle of convexity(-1.47±1.21 , p=0.00), and Also dental changes (upper incisor retrusion and lower incisor protrusion) were occurred (decrease of U1 to SN was -4.77±4.71 , p=0.00 and increase in IMPA was +3.93±2.87 ,p=0.00). Soft tissue changes involved retrusion of upper lip to E-line (-2.86±1.88, p=0.00) and decrease of upper sulcus dept (-1.55±2.04, p=0.005) and lower sulcus dept (-2.44±1.85 ,p=0.00) which played an important role in improvement of facial harmony . Lower lip was placed more anteriorly relative to H-line (1.37±1.48 p=0.001) which is not desirable in profile harmony.Conclusion: Dr Farmand's functional appliance is effective in treating skeletal class 2 patients by producing skeletal as well as dental improvement. Soft tissue harmony also is improved but final position of lower lip must be regarded more carefully.
Nasrin Farhadian; Amir H. Momeni
Abstract
Aim: Everyday because of developing new materials and techniques, more adults become interested in orthodontic treatments. Soft positioner and its new generation in the name of Invisalign System is an example. The present case report was designed to study the effects of soft elastic foils as serial aligners ...
Read More
Aim: Everyday because of developing new materials and techniques, more adults become interested in orthodontic treatments. Soft positioner and its new generation in the name of Invisalign System is an example. The present case report was designed to study the effects of soft elastic foils as serial aligners on treat-ing the mild to moderate crowding.
Materials and Method: Three teenage patients with crowding not more than 6 millimeters were select-ed. After the preparation of orthodontic diagnostic records and filling the periodontal chart, manual teeth setup was carried out on working casts with a maximum 0.5 millimeter displacement. Aligners were made up of bioplast foils. The appliance was worn by patient full time for at least 2 weeks. Then the new one was made and this procedure was continued until complete tooth alignment. The last aligner was used as retainer for three months later. These variables were evaluated after treatment : dental alignment , over jet . overbite, inclination of upper & lower incisors, lips relation to E line, mandibular plan angle, clicking in TMJ, periodontal status and tooth pain. Active treatment period lasted between 3-5 months.
Results: Anterior crowding was completely corrected in all patients. Protrusion of upper & lower incisors were seen in lateral cephalograms. Overbite, mandibular plan angle and lips relation to E line did not change. Improvement of periodontal status were recorded in all patients. Low to moderate toothache was reported during the first 2 days .
Conclusion: Mild to moderate crowding could be corrected successfully with soft elastic foils (Serial Aligners) without deleterious effects on TMJ and periodontium however manual tooth setup was time consuming. (IJO 2006; 1: 75 - 78)